添

添	U+6DFB, 添 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DFB

← 淺
[U+6DFA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

淼 →
[U+6DFC]

Translingual

Han character

添 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水竹大心 (EHKP) or 水一大心 (EMKP), four-corner 3213₃, composition ⿰氵忝)

Derived characters

𠻹

References

KangXi: page 632, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17698
Dae Jaweon: page 1039, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1639, character 4
Unihan data for U+6DFB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		添
alternative forms		沗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
添	*tʰiːm
忝	l̥ʰiːmʔ, l̥ʰiːms
悿	*tʰiːmʔ
舔	*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾	*diːm
天	*qʰl'iːn
吞	qʰl'iːn, qʰl'ɯːn
祆	*qʰliːn
蚕	zluːm, hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰiːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) – to increase by pouring more water in.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”), whence Thai เต็ม (dtem, “full”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tiān (tian¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тян (ti͡an, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): tim¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): hiam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiâm
Min Nan (POJ): thiⁿ / thiam
Wu (Wiktionary): thi (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tian
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹
  - Yale: tyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰjɛn⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тян (ti͡an, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: tim¹
  - Yale: tīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hiam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiam³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiam´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯am²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ / thiam
  - Tâi-lô: thinn / thiam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvy, tiafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³/, /tʰiam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/

Note:

thiⁿ - vernacular;
thiam - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: thi (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /tʰem/

Rime
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	他兼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰem/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰem/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛm/
Li Rong	/tʰem/
Wang Li	/tʰiem/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]m/
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰiːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān
Middle Chinese	‹ them ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁ[i]m/
English	add
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
No.	12381
Phonetic component	天
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	添
Old Chinese	/*tʰiːm/

Definitions

添

to add; to increase; to supplement; to fill
添新衣 ― tiān xīn yī ― to buy new clothes
不給別人添麻煩／不给别人添麻烦 ― bù gěi biérén tiān máfan ― to not trouble others
to give birth to (a baby)
(Cantonese, Hakka, Wenzhou Wu) again; more
alt. forms: 㖭, 𠻹
唔該，要多兩碗白飯添吖！ [Cantonese, trad.]
唔该，要多两碗白饭添吖！ [Cantonese, simp.]
m⁴ goi¹, jiu³ do¹ loeng⁵ wun² baak⁶ faan⁶ tim¹ aa¹! [Jyutping]
Excuse me, two more bowls of steamed rice, please!
橫掂重有兩個鐘先上得機，再眠陣添都唔怕。 [Cantonese, trad.]
横掂重有两个钟先上得机，再眠阵添都唔怕。 [Cantonese, simp.]
waang⁴ dim⁶ zung⁶ jau⁵ loeng⁵ go³ zung¹ sin¹ soeng⁵ dak¹ gei¹, zoi³ min⁴ zan⁶ tim¹ dou¹ m⁴ paa³. [Jyutping]
Since there is still two hours before boarding anyway, there's no worry in napping a little more.
(Cantonese) Particle expressing surprise (mirativity).
alt. forms: 㖭, 𠻹
我重以為你係中國人添！ [Cantonese, trad.]
我重以为你系中国人添！ [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ zung⁶ ji⁵ wai⁴ nei⁵ hai⁶ zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ tim¹! [Jyutping]
And I thought you were Chinese!
我唔記得嗮添！ [Cantonese, trad.]
我唔记得嗮添！ [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ m⁴ gei³ dak¹ saai³ tim¹! [Jyutping]
I'd totally forgotten!
今日落雪添。 [Cantonese] ― gam¹ jat⁶ lok⁶ syut³ tim¹. [Jyutping] ― Oh, it's snowing today.
(Taishanese) need to (do something); have to
我橫掂都添去。 [Taishanese, trad.]
我横掂都添去。 [Taishanese, simp.]
I have to go anyway.
a surname

Synonyms

(to add): 加 (jiā), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
(again):

Dialectal synonyms of 再 (“again”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		再
Mandarin	Beijing	再
	Taiwan	再
	Jinan	再
	Xi'an	再
	Wuhan	再
	Chengdu	又, 再
	Yangzhou	再
	Hefei	再
Cantonese	Guangzhou	再, 添 >
	Hong Kong	再, 添 >
	Yangjiang	應
Gan	Nanchang	再, 湊 >
Hakka	Meixian	再, 添 >
Jin	Taiyuan	再
Min Bei	Jian'ou	再, 唵
Min Dong	Fuzhou	再, 蓋
Min Nan	Xiamen	閣, 閣再
	Quanzhou	閣, 閣再
	Zhangzhou	閣, 閣再
	Tainan	閣, 閣再
	Singapore (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再
	Manila (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再
	Chaozhou	再
Wu	Suzhou	再
Wu	Wenzhou	再, 添 >
Xiang	Changsha	再
Xiang	Shuangfeng	再, 還
Note	> - used after the object

Compounds

Derived terms from 添

加油添醋
加添 (jiātiān)
增添 (zēngtiān)
如虎添翼 (rúhǔtiānyì)
平添 (píngtiān)
添丁 (tiāndīng)
添乘
添倅
添削
添前字
添力
添加 (tiānjiā)
添加物 (tiānjiāwù)
添增 (tiānzēng)
添展
添差
添忙
添房
添改
添本
添案
添案小吃
添梯
添油加醋 (tiānyóujiācù)
添火
添盆
添答
添箱

添置 (tiānzhì)
添造
添都
添酒
添醋加油
添附
添革
火上添油
猛虎添翼
生添
眉下添眉
蛇添足
附添
一喫一添／一吃一添
加枝添葉／加枝添叶
加油添醬／加油添酱
十頭添撇／十头添撇
增磚添瓦／增砖添瓦
延壽添嗣／延寿添嗣
放屁添風／放屁添风
有枝添葉／有枝添叶
沒添貨／没添货
海屋添籌／海屋添筹
海屋籌添／海屋筹添
添倉／添仓
添傳／添传
添兵減灶／添兵减灶
添墳／添坟

添壽／添寿
添妝／添妆
添換／添换
添枝加葉／添枝加叶
添枝增葉／添枝增叶
添枝接葉／添枝接叶
添油熾薪／添油炽薪
添磚加瓦／添砖加瓦 (tiānzhuānjiāwǎ)
添禍／添祸
添粧／添妆
添給／添给
添綴／添缀
添線／添线
添補／添补 (tiānbǔ)
添設／添设 (tiānshè)
添註／添注
添購／添购
添都馬／添都马
添鹽着醋／添盐着醋
為虎添翼／为虎添翼
為蛇添足／为蛇添足
無添和／无添和
畫蛇添足／画蛇添足 (huàshétiānzú)
籌添海屋／筹添海屋
紅袖添香／红袖添香
與虎添翼／与虎添翼
錦上添花／锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
頰上添毫／颊上添毫

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: thêm

Japanese

Kanji

添

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to attach

Readings

Go-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)^{←てむ (temu, historical)}
Kan-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)^{←てむ (temu, historical)}
Kun: そえる (soeru, 添える, Jōyō)^{←そへる (soferu, historical)}; そう (sou, 添う, Jōyō)^{←そふ (sofu, historical)}

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 添 (MC tʰem). Recorded as Middle Korean 텸〮 (thyém) (Yale: thyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource添 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))

Hanja form^? of 첨 (“add”).

Compounds

첨가 (添加, cheomga)
첨부 (添附, cheombu)
첨삭 (添削, cheomsak)
화사첨족 (畫蛇添足, hwasacheomjok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

添: Hán Nôm readings: thêm, thiêm, thếch

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation