混

See also: 渇

混	U+6DF7, 混 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DF7

← 淶
[U+6DF6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

淸 →
[U+6DF8]

Translingual

Han character

混 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水日心心 (EAPP), four-corner 3611₁, composition ⿰氵昆)

Derived characters

𠽞, 𮭓, 𦹲

References

KangXi: page 632, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17694
Dae Jaweon: page 1036, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1648, character 9
Unihan data for U+6DF7

Chinese

trad.		混
simp. ^#		混

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (昆) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
昆	*kuːn
琨	*kuːn
鯤	*kuːn
菎	*kuːn
崐	*kuːn
蜫	*kuːn
惃	kuːn, kuːnʔ
錕	kuːn, kuːnʔ
猑	*kuːn
騉	*kuːn
緄	*kuːnʔ
輥	*kuːnʔ
棍	kuːns, ɡuːnʔ
餛	*ɡuːn
混	*ɡuːnʔ
焜	*ɡuːnʔ
倱	*ɡuːnʔ
掍	*ɡuːnʔ
箟	*kʰrun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hùn, hún, hǔn (hun⁴, hun², hun³)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˋ, ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˇ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хун (hun, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): wan⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): vun⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fun
Min Dong (BUC): hông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn / hùn
(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): hhun (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese; Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùn
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴
  - Yale: hwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huenn
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant; Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²
  - Yale: hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan; Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǔn
  - Wade–Giles: hun³
  - Yale: hwǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хун (hun, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶
  - Yale: wahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vun⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vun³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn
  - Tâi-lô: hūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hun
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn
  - Tâi-lô: hùn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhun (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɯə̯ɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuən^X/

Rime
Character	混
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡本切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	混
Reading #	1/1
No.	7536
Phonetic component	昆
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	混
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/

Definitions

混

(literary, obsolete) torrential
(literary or dialectal) turbid
to mix; to blend
搞混 ― gǎohùn ― to confuse (two things); to mix up
混為一談／混为一谈 ― hùnwéiyītán ― to equate; to muddle
把紅豆和綠豆混在一起 [MSC, trad.]
把红豆和绿豆混在一起 [MSC, simp.]
bǎ hóngdòu hé lǜdòu hùn zài yīqǐ [Pinyin]
to mix red beans and green beans
to pass off as
魚目混珠／鱼目混珠 ― yúmùhùnzhū ― to pass off fake products as genuine (literally, “to pass off fish eyes as pearls”)
這人是怎麼混進來的？ [MSC, trad.]
这人是怎么混进来的？ [MSC, simp.]
Zhè rén shì zěnme hùn jìn lái de? [Pinyin]
How did that person sneak in?
to muddle along
混日子 ― hùnrìzi ― to muck around; to drift through the days
to get along with somebody
我很快就跟他們混熟了。 [MSC, trad.]
我很快就跟他们混熟了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ hěn kuài jiù gēn tāmen hùn shú le. [Pinyin]
I quickly became familiar with them.
別跟流氓混在一起。 [MSC, trad.]
别跟流氓混在一起。 [MSC, simp.]
Bié gēn liúmáng hùn zài yīqǐ. [Pinyin]
Stop hanging out with hooligans.
thoughtlessly; casually
(literary) to unite; to combine
(literary) to stir up trouble; to disturb
(literary) to joke
Used in 混沌 (hùndùn).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 混 (“to mix”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		混
Cantonese	Guangzhou	摳, 撈
	Hong Kong	摳, 撈
	Taishan	摳

Compounds

Derived terms from 混

二混子
含混 (hánhùn)
打混
混一 (hùnyī)
混世魔王
混事
混人
混作
混俗和光
混元
混充 (hùnchōng)
混入 (hùnrù)
混冥
混凝
混凝土 (hùnníngtǔ)
混吃混玩
混合 (hùnhé)
混合使用
混合林
混合比
混合物 (hùnhéwù)
混合疫苗
混合裁判
混同 (hùntóng)
混同江
混名
混和 (hùnhuò)
混嚼舌根
混在
混堂 (hùntáng)
混夷
混子 (hùnzi)
混家
混居 (hùnjū)
混成
混打
混日子 (hùnrìzi)
混棍
混水
混汞法

混沌 (hùndùn)
混沌世界
混淆 (hùnxiáo)
混淆不清
混淆是非 (hùnxiáo shìfēi)
混淆黑白
混混 (hùnhun)
混混沌沌
混然
混猜
混球 (húnqiú)
混糖
混芒
混茫
混蛋 (húndàn)
混血 (hùnxuè)
混身 (húnshēn)
混造黑白
混音 (hùnyīn)
玄混
玉石混淆
白混
老混忘
胡拉混扯
胡混
蒙混 (ménghùn)
阿混
香水混堂
鬼混 (guǐhùn)
黑白混淆
一混湯子／一混汤子
廝混／厮混 (sīhùn)
打混葫蘆／打混葫芦
摑混／掴混
攪混／搅混 (jiǎohun)
流言混語／流言混语
混一口飯／混一口饭
混亂／混乱 (hùnluàn)
混凝劑／混凝剂
混合層／混合层

混合經濟／混合经济 (hùnhé jīngjì)
混合語／混合语
混合齒列／混合齿列
混唚／混吣
混帳／混帐 (hùnzhàng)
混帳東西／混帐东西 (hùnzhàng dōngxi)
混帳話／混帐话 (hùnzhànghuà)
混戰／混战 (hùnzhàn)
混攪／混搅
混水摸魚／混水摸鱼 (húnshuǐmōyú)
混淆視聽／混淆视听 (hùnxiáoshìtīng)
混淪／混沦 (hùndùn)
混混兒／混混儿 (hùnhunr)
混濁／混浊 (hùnzhuó)
混為一談／混为一谈 (hùnwéiyītán)
混球兒／混球儿
混紡／混纺 (hùnfǎng)
混纏／混缠
混號／混号
混蟲／混虫
混血兒／混血儿 (hùnxuè'ér)
混話／混话 (hùnhuà)
混說／混说
混賴／混赖
混跡／混迹
混踐／混践
混錢／混钱
混雜／混杂 (hùnzá)
混頭混腦／混头混脑
混飯吃／混饭吃 (hùnfànchī)
混鬧／混闹
營混子／营混子
矇混／蒙混
胡廝混／胡厮混
胡掄混鬧／胡抡混闹
舉世混濁／举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)
魚目混珠／鱼目混珠 (yúmùhùnzhū)
魚龍混雜／鱼龙混杂 (yúlónghùnzá)
龍蛇混雜／龙蛇混杂 (lóngshéhùnzá)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hún (hun²)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²
  - Yale: hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən³⁵/

Definitions

混

Used in personal names.
Alternative form of 渾／浑 (hún).

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔn (gun³)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔn
  - Wade–Giles: kun³
  - Yale: gwǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goen
  - Palladius: гунь (gunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwən²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwan²
  - Yale: gwán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: guen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn³⁵/

Definitions

混

Only used in 混混 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”).

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kūn (kun¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kun
  - Wade–Giles: kʻun¹
  - Yale: kwūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuen
  - Palladius: кунь (kunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰwən⁵⁵/

Definitions

混

Used in 混夷.
Alternative form of 崑／昆 (Kūn).

Japanese

Kanji

混

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

to blend, mix, merge (Can we add an example for this sense?)
to confuse

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō); ごん (gon)
Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
Kun: まぜる (mazeru, 混ぜる, Jōyō); まじる (majiru, 混じる, Jōyō); まざる (mazaru, 混ざる, Jōyō); こむ (komu, 混む, Jōyō)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 混 (MC ɦuən^X).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅩᆫ〯 (Yale: hhwǒn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 혼〯 (hwǒn) (Yale: hwǒn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞(ː)n]
Phonetic hangul: [혼(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource混 (eumhun 섞을 혼 (seokkeul hon))
混 (eumhun 흐릴 혼 (heuril hon))

Hanja form^? of 혼 (“mix; confuse; blend”).
Hanja form^? of 혼 (“turbid; unclear; confuse”).

Compounds

혼란 (混亂, hollan, “confusion; disorder; chaos”)
혼선 (混線, honseon, “crossed line; confusion”)
혼돈 (混沌/渾沌, hondon, “chaos; confusion”)
혼탁 (混濁/溷濁/渾濁, hontak, “being turbid”)
혼잡 (混雜, honjap, “confusion, traffic congestion”)
혼동 (混同, hondong, “confusion, mixing up”)
혼용 (混用, honyong, “mixed use”)
혼합 (混合, honhap, “mixture”)
혼혈 (混血, honhyeol, “mixed race”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 混 (MC kuən).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 곤 (Yale: kwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Hanja

混 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 곤 (orangkae ireum gon))

Hanja form^? of 곤 (“a barbarian”).

Compounds

곤이 (混夷, Goni, “tribes west of ancient China”)
곤이태의 (混夷駾矣, gonitae'ui)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

混: Hán Nôm readings: hổn, hộn, hỗn, xổn, cổn, hỏn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation