淘汰

淘汰

Chinese

		cleanse; eliminate; to clean out cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash	to discard; to eliminate; too
simp. and trad. (淘汰)		淘	汰
alternative forms		洮汰

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): táotài

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou⁴ taai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thò-thai
• Min Nan (POJ): tô-thài / tô͘-thài

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: táotài
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: táotài
    • Wade–Giles: tʻao²-tʻai⁴
    • Yale: táu-tài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurtay
    • Palladius: таотай (taotaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou⁴ taai³
    • Yale: tòuh taai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou⁴ taai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou⁴ tai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò-thai
    • Hakka Romanization System: toˇ tai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: to² tai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô-thài
    • Tâi-lô: tô-thài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doi'taix
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /to²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /to²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘-thài
    • Tâi-lô: tôo-thài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do'taix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰɑi^H/

Rime
Character	汰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰajH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑiH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taai3

Verb

淘汰

1. (literally) to rinse; to wash away
2. (figurative) to eliminate (something bad or unsuitable); to weed out; to make (something) fall into disuse

   加速淘汰  ―  jiāsù táotài  ―  to hasten elimination

3. (sports) to eliminate (a team or player); to knock out

Synonyms

• (to eliminate):

edit

Synonyms of 淘汰

免除 (miǎnchú) 刷 (shuā) (colloquial) 削 (xiāo) (literary, or in compounds) 削除 (xuēchú) 去掉 (qùdiào) 去除 (qùchú) 屏除 (bǐngchú) 廓清 (kuòqīng) 打掉 (dǎdiào) 排解 (páijiě) 排除 (páichú) 摒除 (bìngchú) 撤 (chè) 撤除 (chèchú) 消 (xiāo) 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary) 消解 (xiāojiě) 消除 (xiāochú) 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative) 清除 (qīngchú) 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)

破除 (pòchú) 祛除 (qūchú) 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary) 解除 (jiěchú) 除 (chú) 除去 (chúqù) 除忒 (Hakka) 除掉 (chúdiào) 革除 (géchú) 報銷／报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous) 掃除／扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative) 消釋／消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative) 破壞／破坏 (pòhuài) 肅清／肃清 (sùqīng) 蕩／荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds) 解釋／解释 (jiěshì) (archaic) 鏟除／铲除 (chǎnchú) 除開／除开 (chúkāi) 驅散／驱散 (qūsàn) 驅走／驱走 (qūzǒu) 驅除／驱除 (qūchú)

Derived terms

天然淘汰 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)

單淘汰／单淘汰 淘汰賽／淘汰赛 (táotàisài)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (淘汰):

• → Japanese: 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
• → Korean: 도태(淘汰) (dotae)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
淘	汰
とう Hyōgaiji	た Grade: S
kan’on	kan’yōon

Alternative spelling
洮汰

Etymology

/tau ta/ → /tɔːta/ → /toːta/

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 淘汰.

Equivalent to a compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 淘 (tō, “wash in sieve”) +‎ 汰 (ta, “scour”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) と​ーた [tóꜜòtà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːta̠]

Noun

淘(とう)汰(た) • (tōta) ^{←たうた (tauta)?}

1. a culling out, weeding out
2. (especially in biology) a selection

   Synonym: 選択 (sentaku)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 淘(とう)汰(た)圧(あつ) (tōtaatsu, “selection pressure”)
• 淘(とう)汰(た)盤(ばん) (tōtaban)
• 群(ぐん)淘(とう)汰(た) (guntōta)
• 血(けつ)縁(えん)淘(とう)汰(た) (ketsuen tōta)
• 自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) (shizen tōta)
• 雌(し)雄(ゆう)淘(とう)汰(た) (shiyū tōta)
• 社(しゃ)会(かい)淘(とう)汰(た) (shakai tōta)
• 人(じん)為(い)淘(とう)汰(た) (jin'i tōta)
• 性(せい)淘(とう)汰(た) (seitōta)

Verb

淘(とう)汰(た)する • (tōta suru) ^{←たうた (tauta)?} transitive suru (stem 淘(とう)汰(た)し (tōta shi), past 淘(とう)汰(た)した (tōta shita))

1. to cull out, weed out

Conjugation

Conjugation of "淘汰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	淘汰し	とうたし	tōta shi
Continuative (連用形)	淘汰し	とうたし	tōta shi
Terminal (終止形)	淘汰する	とうたする	tōta suru
Attributive (連体形)	淘汰する	とうたする	tōta suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	淘汰すれ	とうたすれ	tōta sure
Imperative (命令形)	淘汰せよ¹ 淘汰しろ²	とうたせよ¹ とうたしろ²	tōta seyo¹ tōta shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	淘汰される	とうたされる	tōta sareru
Causative	淘汰させる 淘汰さす	とうたさせる とうたさす	tōta saseru tōta sasu
Potential	淘汰できる	とうたできる	tōta dekiru
Volitional	淘汰しよう	とうたしよう	tōta shiyō
Negative	淘汰しない	とうたしない	tōta shinai
Negative continuative	淘汰せず	とうたせず	tōta sezu
Formal	淘汰します	とうたします	tōta shimasu
Perfective	淘汰した	とうたした	tōta shita
Conjunctive	淘汰して	とうたして	tōta shite
Hypothetical conditional	淘汰すれば	とうたすれば	tōta sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

See also

• 選(せん)別(べつ) (senbetsu)
• 篩(ふる)い落(お)とし (furuiotoshi)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

1. 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
淘	汰

Noun

淘汰 • (dotae) (hangeul 도태)

1. Hanja form^? of 도태 (“a culling out, weeding out”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
淘	汰

Verb

淘汰

1. chữ Hán form of đào thải (“to purge; to get rid of”).