液

液	U+6DB2, 液 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DB2

← 涱
[U+6DB1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

涳 →
[U+6DB3]

Translingual

Han character

液 (radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水卜人大 (EYOK), four-corner 3014₇, composition ⿰氵夜)

References

KangXi: page 628, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17586

Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 26

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1658, character 2

Unihan data for U+6DB2

Chinese

simp. and trad.		液

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
夜	*laːɡs
鵺	*laːɡs
迹	*ʔsleːɡ
跡	*ʔsleːɡ
亦	*laːɡ
弈	*laːɡ
奕	*laːɡ
帟	*laːɡ
腋	*laːɡ
掖	*laːɡ
焲	*laːɡ
液	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs) – a liquid, like water.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjak.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yè, yì
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶, jat⁶
Min Dong (BUC): ĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sio̍h / e̍k / ia̍k
(Teochew, Peng'im): siêh⁸ / sioh⁸ / êg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik⁶, jat⁶
  - Yale: yihk, yaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹, jat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶, yed⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/, /jɐt̚²/

Note: jat6 - rare.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioih
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕioʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɕioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɤʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕioʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/

Note:

sio̍h - vernacular;
e̍k/ia̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siêh⁸ / sioh⁸ / êg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h / sio̍h / e̍k
  - IPA ^(key): /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/, /ek̚⁴/

Note:

siêh8/sioh8 - vernacular;
êg8 - literary.

Middle Chinese: /jiᴇk̚/▼

Rime
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢrAk/
(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ yek ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢrAk/
English	fluid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
No.	15003
Phonetic component	亦
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

液

liquid; fluid
體液 / 体液 ― tǐyè ― bodily fluid
sap; juice

Compounds

Derived terms from 液

乳濁液／乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
人工血液
便液
修正液 (xiūzhèngyè)
唾液 (tuòyè)
唾液腺 (tuòyèxiàn)
固定液
土質液化／土质液化
培養液／培养液 (péiyǎngyè)
太液 (Tàiyè)
太液池 (Tàiyèchí)
尿液 (niàoyè)
尿液篩檢／尿液筛检
心通口服液 (xīntōng kǒufúyè)
懸液劑／悬液剂
懸濁液／悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
毒液 (dúyè)
氣態溶液／气态溶液
水樣液／水样液
水狀液／水状液
汗液
津液 (jīnyè)
浴液 (yùyè)
消化液 (xiāohuàyè)
液化 (yèhuà)
液化瓦斯
液壓／液压

液壓機／液压机
液態／液态 (yètài)
液態氧／液态氧
液態溶液／液态溶液
液晶 (yèjīng)
液晶窗
液材
液果 (yèguǒ)
液泡 (yèpào)
液泡膜
液胞 (yèbāo)
液雨
液體／液体 (yètǐ)
液體瓦斯／液体瓦斯
淋巴液
淚液／泪液
淫液
湯液／汤液
溶液 (róngyè)
滑液
滴液
漿液／浆液
濾液／滤液
瀝液／沥液
玉液
玉液瓊漿／玉液琼浆
玻璃液

瑤池玉液／瑶池玉液
瓊漿玉液／琼浆玉液
瓊漿金液／琼浆金液
真溶液
移液管
精液 (jīngyè)
組織液／组织液
胃液 (wèiyè)
胰液 (yíyè)
脺液
腦液／脑液
腸液／肠液 (chángyè)
膣液 (zhìyè)
舒心口服液 (shūxīn kǒufùyè)
血液 (xuèyè)
血液凝固
血液循環／血液循环 (xuèyè xúnhuán)
血液檢驗／血液检验
輸液／输液 (shūyè)
金波玉液
雲液／云液
靈液／灵液
顯像液／显像液
飽和溶液／饱和溶液
體液／体液 (tǐyè)
黏液 (niányè)

Japanese

Kanji

液

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

liquid

Readings

Go-on: やく (yaku)
Kan-on: えき (eki, Jōyō)
Kun: しる (shiru, 液)

Compounds

不 (ふ)凍 (とう)液 (えき) (futōeki): antifreeze
液 (えき)化 (か) (ekika): liquefaction
液 (えき)汁 (じゅう) (ekijū): juice, sap
液 (えき)晶 (しょう) (ekishō): liquid crystal
液 (えき)状 (じょう) (ekijō)
液 (えき)相 (そう) (ekisō): liquid phase
液 (えき)体 (たい) (ekitai): liquid
血 (けつ)液 (えき) (ketsueki): blood
精 (せい)液 (えき) (seieki): semen

Etymology

Kanji in this term
液
えき Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 液 (yek, “liquid”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) えき [éꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- IPA^(key): [e̞kʲi]

Noun

液 (hiragana えき, rōmaji eki)

liquid

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

液 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

液 (giá, dịch)

sap, juice, liquid, fluid

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN