涅

涅

See also: 㘿

涅 U+6D85, 涅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D85 ← 涄 [U+6D84] CJK Unified Ideographs 涆 → [U+6D86]

涅 U+2F905, 涅 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F905 ← 浸 [U+2F904] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣴞 → [U+2F906]

Translingual

Han character

涅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水日土 (EAG), four-corner 3611₄, composition ⿰氵圼)

1. blacken
2. black mud, slime
3. to tattoo
4. abbreviation for 涅槃 (nirvana)

Derived characters

• 篞, 𦶄, 𡮛, 𢟗, 𦄇, 𣻾

References

• KangXi: page 626, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17521
• Dae Jaweon: page 1027, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1623, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6D85
• Unihan data for U+2F905

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		涅
alternative forms		㘿 湼 𣵀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (日) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涅	*niːɡ
捏	*niːɡ
篞	*niːɡ
衵	*niɡ, *njiɡ
日	*njiɡ
馹	*njiɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *niːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 日 (OC *njiɡ).

Etymology

"black mud"

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nyak (“filth(y); excrement”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྙིགས་པ (snyigs pa, “impure sediment”), Burmese ညစ် (nyac, “dirty; filthy”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): niè (nie⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄝˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): не (ni͡ə, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nip⁶
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): liap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): niab⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niè
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niè
    • Wade–Giles: nieh⁴
    • Yale: nyè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nieh
    • Palladius: не (ne)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /njɛ⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: не (ni͡ə, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nip⁶
    • Yale: nihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːp̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap
    • Tâi-lô: liap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liab
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liap̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liap̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: niab⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niap
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niap̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯ɪʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: /net̚/

Rime
Character	涅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	奴結切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/net̚/
Pan Wuyun	/net̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛt̚/
Li Rong	/net̚/
Wang Li	/niet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/niet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	niè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nit6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*niːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	涅
Reading #	1/1
No.	10841
Phonetic component	日
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	涅
Old Chinese	/*niːɡ/

Definitions

涅

1. black mud
2. melanterite
3. black
4. to dye black; to blacken

   不曰白乎，涅而不緇。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   不曰白乎，涅而不缁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   Bù yuē bái hū, niè ér bù zī. [Pinyin]

   Is it not said, that, if a thing be really white, it may be steeped in a dark fluid without being made black?

5. Short for 涅槃 (nièpán, “(Buddhism) nirvana”).

Compounds

密涅瓦 (Mìnièwǎ) 涅伏 (nièfú) 涅字 涅槃 (nièpán)

涅槃罪度 涅白 涅面

涅槃經／涅槃经 涅而不緇／涅而不缁 (niè'érbùzī) 涅齒／涅齿

References

• “涅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02111

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Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
涅
くり Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

• 皂

Kanji

涅

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. black soil

Readings

• Go-on: ねち (nechi)
• Kan-on: でつ (detsu); ねつ (netsu)
• Kan’yō-on: ね (ne)
• Kun: くり (kuri, 涅); そめる (someru, 涅める)

Compounds

• 涅歯(でっし) (desshi), 涅歯(ねっし) (nesshi, “black dye for teeth”)
• 涅槃(ねはん) (nehan, “nirvana”)
• 規尼涅(キニーネ) (kinīne, “quinine”)

Etymology

First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).[1]

Cognate with 黒 (kuro, “black”), likely from a kur- stem.

Noun

涅(くり) • (kuri) 

1. black soil (used for dyes)
2. Short for 涅色 (kuriiro): a brownish-black color

Derived terms

• 涅色(くりいろ) (kuriiro, “brownish-black”)
• 厨(くりや) (kuriya, “kitchen”)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

涅 (eumhun 개흙 녈 (gaeheuk nyeol), South Korea 개흙 열 (gaeheuk yeol))

1. Hanja form^? of 녈 (“black soil”).

Compounds

• 열반 (涅槃, yeolban, “nirvana”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

涅: Hán Nôm readings: nết, nạt, nét, nhít, nít, niết, nớt, nức, nát

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation