浪

浪	U+6D6A, 浪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D6A

← 浩
[U+6D69]

CJK Unified Ideographs

浫 →
[U+6D6B]

浪	U+F92A, 浪 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92A

← 朗
[U+F929]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

狼 →
[U+F92B]

Translingual

Han character

浪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈日女 (EIAV), four-corner 3713₂, composition ⿰氵良)

References

KangXi: page 624, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17482
Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1634, character 6
Unihan data for U+6D6A
Unihan data for U+F92A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		浪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 浪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剆	raːl, raːlʔ
郎	*raːŋ
稂	*raːŋ
桹	*raːŋ
鋃	*raːŋ
硠	*raːŋ
浪	raːŋ, raːŋs
蜋	raːŋ, raŋ
琅	*raːŋ
狼	*raːŋ
欴	*raːŋ
踉	raːŋ, raŋ, *raŋs
莨	raːŋ, raːŋs
艆	*raːŋ
駺	*raːŋ
躴	*raːŋ
筤	*raːŋ
閬	raːŋ, raːŋs
哴	raːŋ, raŋs
蓈	*raːŋ
廊	*raːŋ
榔	raːŋ, raːŋʔ
螂	*raːŋ
瑯	*raːŋ
朗	*raːŋʔ
朖	*raːŋʔ
誏	*raːŋʔ
俍	*raːŋʔ
崀	*raːŋʔ
埌	*raːŋs
蒗	*raːŋs
娘	*naŋ
良	*raŋ
粮	*raŋ
悢	*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ, *raːŋs) : semantic 水 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology 1

May be a colloquial variant of 瀾／澜 (lán, “wave”). Probably not related to Tibetan དབའ་ཀློང (dba' klong, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): làng (lang⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лон (lon, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): long
(Meixian, Guangdong): long⁴
Min Bei (KCR): lō̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): lông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lōng
(Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁶ / neng⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): laan (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làng
  - Wade–Giles: lang⁴
  - Yale: làng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лон (lon, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁶
  - Yale: lohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: long
  - Hakka Romanization System: long
  - Hagfa Pinyim: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /loŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōng
  - Tâi-lô: lōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: long
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lang⁶ / neng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lăng / nṳ̄ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ³⁵/, /nɯŋ¹¹/

Note:

lang6 - literary;
neng7 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: laan (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑ̃²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ^H/

Rime
Character	浪
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	來宕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ^H/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浪
Reading #	2/2
No.	8040
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	浪
Old Chinese	/*raːŋs/

Definitions

浪

wave
- 長風破浪會有時，直掛雲帆濟滄海。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 774, 李白, 行路難·其一
  Chángfēngpòlàng huì yǒu shí, zhí guà yúnfān jì cānghǎi. [Pinyin]
  I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea.
something resembling waves
麥浪／麦浪 ― màilàng ― billowing wheat fields
to be unrestrained
浪費／浪费 ― làngfèi ― to waste
dissolute
浪蕩／浪荡 ― làngdàng ― dissolute; dissipated
狂蜂浪蝶 ― kuángfēnglàngdié ― lascivious men
(dialectal Mandarin or slang) to amuse oneself; to have fun; to go out; to hang out; to stroll
(literary) in vain
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瀾, 浪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		浪
Mandarin	Taiwan	浪
	Luoyang	浪頭
	Yinchuan	浪
	Chengdu	浪子
	Singapore	浪
Cantonese	Hong Kong	浪
Gan	Nanchang	浪
Huizhou	Jixi	浪頭
Min Dong	Fuzhou	浪
Min Nan	Xiamen	湧
	Quanzhou	湧
	Zhangzhou	湧
	Tainan	湧
	Jieyang	湧
	Leizhou	湧
	Haikou	湧
Wu	Shanghai	浪頭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	浪頭
	Ningbo	浪頭, 浪

Compounds

Derived terms from 浪

一浪淌
健浪
勃浪鼓
博浪
博浪沙
博浪鼓
多浪 (Duōlàng)
大浪 (dàlàng)
孟浪
巨浪 (jùlàng)
放浪 (fànglàng)
放浪形骸 (fànglàng xínghái)
末浪
林浪
波浪 (bōlàng)
波浪阻力
波浪鼓 (bōlànggǔ)
流浪 (liúlàng)
流浪狗 (liúlànggǒu)
浪事
浪人 (làngrén)
浪侃
浪士
浪婆
浪子 (làngzǐ)
浪孟
浪峰 (làngfēng)
浪木
浪板
浪枻
浪栧
浪栧
浪河 (Lànghé)
浪泊
浪浪宕宕
浪淘沙
浪淘淘
浪游
浪漫 (làngmàn)
浪漫曲
浪漫派
浪潮 (làngcháo)
浪用
浪舌
浪船
浪花 (lànghuā)
浪莽
浪蝶游蜂
浪蝶狂蜂
浪言
浪高
浮浪
浮浪人
浮花浪蕊
浮萍浪梗
浶浪
海口浪言
海浪 (hǎilàng)

漫浪
狂蜂浪蝶 (kuángfēnglàngdié)
白浪 (Báilàng)
白浪掀天
白浪滔滔
破浪 (pòlàng)
碧浪
腥浪
趁波逐浪
趁浪逐波
辣浪
乘風破浪／乘风破浪 (chéngfēngpòlàng)
博浪飛椎／博浪飞椎
啟浪／启浪 (Qǐlàng)
壯浪／壮浪
大風大浪／大风大浪 (dàfēngdàlàng)
孟浪輕狂／孟浪轻狂
平風靜浪／平风静浪
捲浪翻波／卷浪翻波
掀風播浪／掀风播浪
掀風鼓浪／掀风鼓浪
推濤作浪／推涛作浪
撥浪鼓／拨浪鼓 (bōlanggǔ)
擺浪子／摆浪子
放浪不羈／放浪不羁 (fànglàng bùjī)
樂浪／乐浪 (Lèlàng)
波浪熱／波浪热
波浪週期／波浪周期
波浪銳度／波浪锐度
波開浪裂／波开浪裂
流浪兒／流浪儿
流浪漢／流浪汉 (liúlànghàn)
浪兒門／浪儿门
浪吼風號／浪吼风号
浪子喪門／浪子丧门
浪子回頭／浪子回头
浪得虛名／浪得虚名 (làngdéxūmíng)
浪恬波靜／浪恬波静
浪擲／浪掷
浪樣兒／浪样儿
浪漢／浪汉
浪漫主義／浪漫主义 (làngmàn zhǔyì)
浪漫樂派／浪漫乐派
浪濤／浪涛 (làngtāo)
浪濤澎湃／浪涛澎湃
浪聲顙氣／浪声颡气
浪蕩／浪荡 (làngdàng)
浪蕩乾坤／浪荡干坤
浪蕩子／浪荡子
浪蕩燈／浪荡灯
浪語／浪语
浪費／浪费 (làngfèi)
浪跡／浪迹 (làngjì)
浪跡天下／浪迹天下
浪跡天涯／浪迹天涯
浪跡江湖／浪迹江湖
浪跡萍蹤／浪迹萍踪

浪遊／浪游
浪靜風恬／浪静风恬
浪頭／浪头 (làngtóu)
淫情浪態／淫情浪态
游頭浪子／游头浪子
潑浪鼓／泼浪鼓
潑聲浪嗓／泼声浪嗓
潑聲浪氣／泼声浪气
澎浪磯／澎浪矶
無波無浪／无波无浪
無風生浪／无风生浪
無風起浪／无风起浪
熱浪／热浪 (rèlàng)
狂濤巨浪／狂涛巨浪
狂濤駭浪／狂涛骇浪
狂風大浪／狂风大浪
狂風駭浪／狂风骇浪 (kuángfēnghàilàng)
瘋狗浪／疯狗浪 (fēnggǒulàng)
白頭浪／白头浪
縱浪／纵浪
聲浪／声浪 (shēnglàng)
興風作浪／兴风作浪 (xīngfēngzuòlàng)
萍蹤浪影／萍踪浪影
萍蹤浪跡／萍踪浪迹
虛生浪死／虚生浪死
衝波激浪／冲波激浪
衝浪／冲浪 (chōnglàng)
詼諧笑浪／诙谐笑浪
謔浪／谑浪
謔浪笑敖／谑浪笑敖
謔浪話頭／谑浪话头
趕浪頭／赶浪头
踏浪兒／踏浪儿
輕浪浮薄／轻浪浮薄
逐浪隨波／逐浪随波
遊蜂浪蝶／游蜂浪蝶
鋪張浪費／铺张浪费 (pūzhānglàngfèi)
長風破浪／长风破浪 (chángfēngpòlàng)
閒茶浪酒／闲茶浪酒
隨波逐浪／随波逐浪
風吹浪打／风吹浪打
風大浪高／风大浪高
風平浪靜／风平浪静 (fēngpínglàngjìng)
風微浪穩／风微浪稳
風恬浪靜／风恬浪静
風流博浪／风流博浪
風浪／风浪 (fēnglàng)
風浪板／风浪板
風萍浪跡／风萍浪迹
風靜浪平／风静浪平
駭浪／骇浪
駭浪驚濤／骇浪惊涛
驚濤駭浪／惊涛骇浪 (jīngtāohàilàng)
驚風駭浪／惊风骇浪
麥浪／麦浪
鼓浪嶼／鼓浪屿 (Gǔlàngyǔ)
龍江虎浪／龙江虎浪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): láng (lang²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: láng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láng
  - Wade–Giles: lang²
  - Yale: láng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁴
  - Yale: lòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ/

Rime
Character	浪
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯當切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	浪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	láng
Middle Chinese	‹ lang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English	(name of a river)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浪
Reading #	1/2
No.	8016
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	郎
Old Chinese	/*raːŋ/

Definitions

浪

Only used in 滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng) and 浪浪.

Compounds

浪浪
滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng)

滄浪亭／沧浪亭
滄浪詩話／沧浪诗话

濯纓滄浪／濯缨沧浪
濯足滄浪／濯足沧浪

Etymology 3

Lenition of 上: /zɑ̃¹¹³/ > /lɑ̃¹¹³/ (Shanghainese pronunciation). Compare 哉 (/zəʔ/), which underwent a similar process to 了 (/ləʔ/).

Pronunciation

Wu (Wiktionary): laan (T3)

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: laan (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑ̃²³/

Definitions

浪

(Wu) on; above
衣裳擺辣牀浪。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
衣裳摆辣牀浪。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 8
[i⁵⁵ z̥ɑ̃²¹ pa̱³⁴ la̱ʔ¹² z̥ɑ̃²³ lɑ̃²³] [IPA]
Put the clothes on the bed.

Japanese

Kanji

浪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

wave
wandering

Readings

Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: らん (ran)
Kun: なみ (nami, 浪)

Compounds

浪士
浪跡
浪(ろう)人(にん) (rōnin, “ronin”)
浪費
浪漫
津(つ)浪(なみ) (tsunami, “tsunami”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
浪
なみ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 浪 – see the following entry.

【波なみ】3

[noun] a wave

[proper noun] a female given name

Alternative spellings
浪, 濤

(This term, 浪, is an alternative (uncommon) spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
浪
ろう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ː]

Counter

浪(ろう) • (-rō) ^{←らう (rau)^?}

failing the annual university entrance exams (see 浪人)
二浪目(にろうめ)
nirōme
second time failing the annual university entrance exams

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 浪 (MC lɑŋ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ〯 (lǎng) (Yale: lǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
(non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [랑]

Hanja

Wikisource浪 (eumhun 물결 랑 (mulgyeol rang), South Korea 물결 낭 (mulgyeol nang))

Hanja form^? of 랑/낭 (“wave”).

Compounds

낭비 (浪費, nangbi, “waste, extravagance”)
낭인 (浪人, nang'in, “vagabond; ronin”)
낭만 (浪漫, nangman, “romance”)
풍랑 (風浪, pungnang, “stormy waves; storm”)
낭설 (浪說, nangseol, “false rumor”)
방랑 (放浪, bangnang, “wandering”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

浪: Hán Nôm readings: lảng, lặng, rằng, lãng, lăng, trảng

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