流
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
Mainland China, Japan and Korea | |||
| Stroke order | |||
Taiwan | |||
Alternative forms
- In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing character form), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the upper right component 𠫓 is written ⿱亠厶 (4 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written 乚 with an ending hook which is the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.
- In Taiwan and Hong Kong (based on Big5 character form), the upper right component 𠫓 is written ⿻一厶 (3 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written ㇄ without the ending hook.
- Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
U+F9CAcorresponds to a duplicate character found in South Korea's KS X 1001 character set.U+FA97corresponds to an alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to the character used in Taiwan/Hong Kong.U+2F902corresponds to an alternative form used in Taiwan which is similar to the character used in mainland China/Japan/Korea but the bottom right stroke is written ㇄ without the ending hook.
Han character
流 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 水卜戈山 (EYIU), four-corner 34113, composition ⿰氵㐬(GJKV or U+F9CA or U+2F902) or ⿰氵⿱𠫓⿲丿丨㇄(HT or U+FA97))
Derived characters
- 𠺩, 𭱛, 𣹭, 蓅, 𥧕, 𥰤, 𡏬, 𭒐, 𬈰, 瑬, 𮋠, 鎏, 𪃂, 𩙣
Descendants
- ル (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References
- KangXi: page 623, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17572
- Dae Jaweon: page 1019, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1631, character 12
- Unihan data for U+6D41
- Unihan data for U+F9CA
- Unihan data for U+FA97
- Unihan data for U+2F902
Chinese
| trad. | 流 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 流 | |
| alternative forms | 汖 㳅 𡵰 𣳛 𭰈 汖 㳅 𡵰 𣳛 𭰈 𣴑 𣹭 𣹳 𣻤 ⿰氵巟 ⿰氵𡿮 ⿰𣴑水 ⿲水𡿮水 ⿲氺⿱一𠫝水 ⿰氵⿱厶⿲丿丨㇏ | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (流) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 流 | *ru |
| 硫 | *ru |
| 琉 | *ru |
| 旒 | *ru |
| 瑬 | *ru |
| 裗 | *ru |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ru) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㐬 ().
Etymology
Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་ (rgyu, “to move, to go, to wander”).[1]
Pronunciation
Definitions
流
- to flow
- 地震，梁山崩，壅河，三日不流。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: 春秋繁露 (Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
- Dìzhèn, Liángshān bēng, yōnghé, sān rì bù liú. [Pinyin]
- The earth trembled, and Mount Liang collapsed. It blocked a river which did not flow for three days.
- 流汗 ― liúhàn ― to sweat
- 流淚／流泪 ― liúlèi ― to cry; to let tears flow
- 流血 ― liúxuè ― to bleed
- to drift; to wander
- 流連／流连 ― liúlián ― to linger; to be reluctant to leave
- class; grade
- 一流 ― yīliú ― first class; top grade
- (of water, electricity, other fluids) current; flow; stream
- 氣流／气流 ― qìliú ― airflow
- 電流／电流 ― diànliú ― electric current
- to spread; to scatter; to disseminate
- Synonyms: 留傳／留传 (liúchuán), 散佈／散布
- 流言 ― liúyán ― rumors; gossip
- 流芳 ― liúfāng ― to leave a good reputation
- (physics) Short for 流明 (liúmíng, “lumen”).
- (mathematics) flow
- (computing) stream
- (Cantonese, Hakka) of poor quality
- 流嘢 [Cantonese] ― lau4 je5 [Jyutping] ― poor-quality goods
Compounds
Derived terms from 流
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References
- Hill, Nathan W.. "Tibetan phonological innovations".
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 流 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2][3] | 流󠄂 流+ 󠄂?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
流
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: る (ru, Jōyō †)←る (ru, historical)
- Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)←りう (riu, historical)
- Kun: ながす (nagasu, 流す, Jōyō); ながれる (nagareru, 流れる, Jōyō)
- Nanori: しく (shiku); とも (tomo); はる (haru)
Compounds
Compounds
- 遠流 (onru)
- 流石 (sasuga)
- 流離 (sasurai)
- 流行る (hayaru)
- 流鏑馬 (yabusame)
- 流謫 (rutaku)
- 流罪 (ruzai)
- 流竄 (ruzan)
- 流転 (ruten)
- 流伝 (ruden)
- 流人 (runin)
- 流配 (ruhai)
- 流布 (rufu)
- 流浪 (rurō)
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 流 (MC lɨu).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) りゅう [ryúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[4]
- IPA(key): [ɾʲɨᵝː]
Noun
流 • (ryū) ←りう (riu)?
- the flow of water or something like water
- art forms, methods, styles, and techniques peculiar to a person or house
Affix
流 • (ryū) ←りう (riu)?
- current, flow, stream, waterflow
- flowing, washing
- spread
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 流亜 (ryūa)
- 流圧 (ryūatsu)
- 流移 (ryūi)
- 流域 (ryūiki)
- 流溢 (ryūitsu)
- 流淫 (ryūin)
- 流雲 (ryūun)
- 流盈 (ryūei)
- 流英 (ryūei)
- 流裔 (ryūei)
- 流易 (ryūeki)
- 流越 (ryūetsu)
- 流衍 (ryūen)
- 流鶯 (ryūō)
- 流霞 (ryūka)
- 流下 (ryūka)
- 流化 (ryūka)
- 流火 (ryūka)
- 流丐 (ryūkai)
- 流汗 (ryūkan)
- 流㵎 (ryūkan)
- 流観 (ryūkan)
- 流丸 (ryūgan)
- 流棄 (ryūki)
- 流暉 (ryūki)
- 流綺 (ryūki)
- 流議 (ryūgi)
- 流響 (ryūkyō)
- 流寓 (ryūgū)
- 流刑 (ryūkei)
- 流形 (ryūkei)
- 流蛍 (ryūkei)
- 流憩 (ryūkei)
- 流景 (ryūkei)
- 流谿 (ryūkei)
- 流血 (ryūketsu)
- 流言 (ryūgen)
- 流戸 (ryūko)
- 流伍 (ryūgo)
- 流語 (ryūgo)
- 流荒 (ryūkō)
- 流寇 (ryūkō)
- 流行 (ryūkō)
- 流光 (ryūkō)
- 流黄 (ryūkō)
- 流魂 (ryūkon)
- 流沙 (ryūsa)
- 流槎 (ryūsa)
- 流灑 (ryūsai)
- 流罪 (ryūzai)
- 流散 (ryūsan)
- 流霰 (ryūsan)
- 流竄 (ryūzan)
- 流澌 (ryūshi)
- 流尸 (ryūshi)
- 流矢 (ryūshi)
- 流死 (ryūshi)
- 流巵 (ryūshi)
- 流失 (ryūshitsu)
- 流出 (ryūshutsu)
- 流腫 (ryūshō)
- 流觴 (ryūshō)
- 流冗 (ryūjō)
- 流心 (ryūshin)
- 流塵 (ryūjin)
- 流人 (ryūjin)
- 流水 (ryūsui)
- 流彗 (ryūsui)
- 流声 (ryūsei)
- 流星 (ryūsei)
- 流歠 (ryūsetsu)
- 流泄 (ryūsetsu)
- 流宣 (ryūsen)
- 流羨 (ryūsen)
- 流霰 (ryūsen)
- 流涎 (ryūzen)
- 流箭 (ryūzen)
- 流漸 (ryūzen)
- 流蘇 (ryūso)
- 流素 (ryūso)
- 流霜 (ryūsō)
- 流俗 (ryūzoku)
- 流賊 (ryūzoku)
- 流沢 (ryūtaku)
- 流湍 (ryūtan)
- 流弾 (ryūdan)
- 流注 (ryūchū)
- 流黜 (ryūchutsu)
- 流潮 (ryūchō)
- 流暢 (ryūchō)
- 流通 (ryūtsū)
- 流涕 (ryūtei)
- 流伝 (ryūden)
- 流宕 (ryūtō)
- 流蕩 (ryūtō)
- 流動 (ryūdō)
- 流遁 (ryūton)
- 流遯 (ryūton)
- 流年 (ryūnen)
- 流波 (ryūha)
- 流派 (ryūha)
- 流播 (ryūha)
- 流輩 (ryūhai)
- 流杯 (ryūhai)
- 流泊 (ryūhaku)
- 流盼 (ryūhan)
- 流萍 (ryūhyō)
- 流漂 (ryūhyō)
- 流品 (ryūhin)
- 流普 (ryūfu)
- 流風 (ryūfū)
- 流氛 (ryūfun)
- 流聞 (ryūbun)
- 流弊 (ryūhei)
- 流辟 (ryūheki)
- 流僻 (ryūheki)
- 流別 (ryūbetsu)
- 流変 (ryūhen)
- 流便 (ryūben)
- 流眄 (ryūben)
- 流逋 (ryūho)
- 流芳 (ryūhō)
- 流氓 (ryūbō)
- 流亡 (ryūbō)
- 流邁 (ryūmai)
- 流沫 (ryūmatsu)
- 流漫 (ryūman)
- 流民 (ryūmin)
- 流湎 (ryūmen)
- 流目 (ryūmoku)
- 流庸 (ryūyō)
- 流傭 (ryūyō)
- 流耀 (ryūyō)
- 流落 (ryūraku)
- 流覧 (ryūran)
- 流乱 (ryūran)
- 流離 (ryūri)
- 流亮 (ryūryō)
- 流涙 (ryūrui)
- 流麗 (ryūrei)
- 流例 (ryūrei)
- 流隷 (ryūrei)
- 流連 (ryūren)
- 流漣 (ryūren)
- 流潦 (ryūrō)
- 亜流 (aryū)
- 斡流 (atsuryū)
- 暗流 (anryū)
- 一流 (ichiryū)
- 運流 (unryū)
- 横流 (ōryū)
- 遠流 (enryū)
- 下流 (karyū)
- 化流 (karyū)
- 河流 (karyū)
- 雅流 (garyū)
- 回流, 廻流 (kairyū)
- 海流 (kairyū)
- 貫流 (kanryū)
- 寒流 (kanryū)
- 還流 (kanryū)
- 灌流 (kanryū)
- 気流 (kiryū)
- 逆流 (gyakuryū)
- 九流 (kyūryū)
- 旧流 (kyūryū)
- 急流 (kyūryū)
- 驚流 (kyōryū)
- 渓流 (keiryū)
- 激流 (gekiryū)
- 決流 (ketsuryū)
- 涓流 (kenryū)
- 畎流 (kenryū)
- 源流 (genryū)
- 古流 (koryū)
- 涸流 (koryū)
- 交流 (kōryū)
- 江流 (kōryū)
- 鴻流 (kōryū)
- 合流 (gōryū)
- 才流 (sairyū)
- 細流 (sairyū)
- 雑流 (zatsuryū)
- 士流 (shiryū)
- 支流 (shiryū)
- 緇流 (shiryū)
- 駛流 (shiryū)
- 自流 (jiryū)
- 時流 (jiryū)
- 主流 (shuryū)
- 儒流 (juryū)
- 舟流 (shūryū)
- 周流 (shūryū)
- 習流 (shūryū)
- 衆流 (shūryū)
- 春流 (shunryū)
- 順流 (junryū)
- 諸流 (shoryū)
- 女流 (joryū)
- 湘流 (shōryū)
- 勝流 (shōryū)
- 上流 (jōryū)
- 乗流 (jōryū)
- 人流 (jinryū)
- 迅流 (jinryū)
- 水流 (suiryū)
- 随流 (zuiryū)
- 西流 (seiryū)
- 清流 (seiryū)
- 儕流 (seiryū)
- 勢流 (seiryū)
- 絶流 (zetsuryū)
- 川流 (senryū)
- 泉流 (senryū)
- 穿流 (senryū)
- 旋流 (senryū)
- 潺流 (senryū)
- 双流 (sōryū)
- 俗流 (zokuryū)
- 他流 (taryū)
- 対流 (tairyū)
- 濁流 (dakuryū)
- 湍流 (tanryū)
- 暖流 (danryū)
- 嫡流 (chakuryū)
- 中流 (chūryū)
- 長流 (chōryū)
- 潮流 (chōryū)
- 直流 (chokuryū)
- 枕流 (chinryū)
- 東流 (tōryū)
- 同流 (dōryū)
- 徳流 (tokuryū)
- 独流 (dokuryū)
- 南流 (nanryū)
- 年流 (nenryū)
- 波流 (haryū)
- 配流 (hairyū)
- 輩流 (hairyū)
- 飛流 (hiryū)
- 微流 (biryū)
- 漂流 (hyōryū)
- 飄流 (hyōryū)
- 風流 (fūryū)
- 伏流 (fukuryū)
- 分流 (bunryū)
- 碧流 (hekiryū)
- 貶流 (henryū)
- 方流 (hōryū)
- 放流 (hōryū)
- 芳流 (hōryū)
- 傍流 (bōryū)
- 北流 (hokuryū)
- 本流 (honryū)
- 奔流 (honryū)
- 翻流 (honryū)
- 末流 (matsuryū)
- 名流 (meiryū)
- 門流 (monryū)
- 沃流 (yokuryū)
- 乱流 (ranryū)
- 臨流 (rinryū)
References
- 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “流”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1273 (paper), page 687 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 752 (paper), page 389 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 流 (MC lɨu). Recorded as Middle Korean 류 (lyu) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource流 (eumhun 흐를 류 (heureul ryu), South Korea 흐를 유 (heureul yu))
- Hanja form? of 류/유 (“flow”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 교류 (交流, gyoryu)
- 기류 (氣流, giryu)
- 난류 (暖流, nallyu)
- 물류 (物流, mullyu)
- 유동 (流動, yudong)
- 유성 (流星, yuseong)
- 유역 (流域, yuyeok)
- 유입 (流入, yuip)
- 유체 (流體, yuche)
- 유출 (流出, yuchul)
- 유통 (流通, yutong)
- 유포 (流布, yupo)
- 급류 (急流, geumnyu)
- 전류 (電流, jeollyu)
- 조류 (潮流, joryu)
- 주류 (主流, juryu)
- 표류 (漂流, pyoryu)
- 풍류 (風流, pungnyu)
- 해류 (海流, haeryu)
- 한류 (韓流, hallyu)
- 유행 (流行, yuhaeng, “fashion; vogue”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
流: Hán Việt readings: lưu[1][2][3]
流: Nôm readings: lưu[1][2]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).