波斯

波斯

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (波斯)		波	斯

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Bōsī

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄙ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ si¹
• Min Nan (POJ): Pho-su / Pho-sir

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Bōsī
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄙ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Bosih
    • Wade–Giles: Po¹-ssŭ¹
    • Yale: Bwō-sz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Bosy
    • Palladius: Босы (Bosy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pwɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bo¹ si¹
    • Yale: bō sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pho-su
    • Tâi-lô: Pho-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoisw
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pho-sir
    • Tâi-lô: Pho-sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰo³³ sɯ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /puɑ  siᴇ/

Rime
Character	波	斯
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博禾切	息移切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puɑ/	/siᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/puɑ/	/siɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/puɑ/	/sjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwa/	/siə̆/
Li Rong	/puɑ/	/sie/
Wang Li	/puɑ/	/sǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/puɑ/	/sie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bō	sī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bo1	si1

Proper noun

波斯

1. (historical) Persia

   • 波斯國，都宿利城，在忸密西，古條支國也 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     波斯国，都宿利城，在忸密西，古条支国也 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 551-554, 魏書 (Book of Wei) by Wei Shou, 卷一百二　列傳第九十　(西域) (Volume 102, Biographies 90: Western Regions)

     bōsī guó, dōu sùlì chéng, zài niǔmì xī, gǔ tiáozhī guó yě [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

波斯人 (Bōsīrén, “Persian (person)”) 波斯地毯 波斯教 波斯菊 波斯國／波斯国 (Bōsī Guó)

波斯帝國／波斯帝国 波斯灣／波斯湾 (Bōsī Wān, “Persian Gulf”) 波斯皁莢／波斯皁荚 波斯語／波斯语 (bōsīyǔ) 波斯貓／波斯猫 (bōsīmāo)

See also

• 伊朗 (Yīlǎng)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
波	斯
は Grade: 3	し Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 波斯 (MC puɑ siᴇ), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).

First cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠ɕi]

Proper noun

波(は)斯(し) • (Hashi) 

1. [from late 900s] (archaic, possibly obsolete) Persia, especially ancient Persia

Usage notes

Usage might be restricted to contexts about ancient China.[2]

Derived terms

Derived terms with 波斯

• 波(は)斯(し)国(こく) (Hashikoku)
• 波(は)斯(し)匿(のく) (Hashinoku)
• 波(は)斯(し)匿(のく)王(おう) (Hashinokuō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
波	斯
はるしゃ
Grade: 3	Jinmeiyō
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
波	斯
はるしあ
Grade: 3	Jinmeiyō
jukujikun

Borrowed from Dutch Perzië (“Persia”) during the Edo period.[1][2]

First cited in 1708.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]

Proper noun

波斯(ハルシャ) or 波斯(ハルシア) • (Harusha or Harushia) 

1. [from 1708] (historical, Edo period) Persia

Derived terms

Derived terms with 波斯

• 波斯(ハルシャ)革(がわ) (Harusha-gawa)
• 波斯(ハルシャ)菊(ぎく) (Harusha-giku)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
波	斯
ぺるしゃ Grade: 3	ぺるしあ Jinmeiyō
jukujikun

Borrowed from English Persia.[1][2][3]

First cited in 1839.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぺ​るしゃ [péꜜrùshà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [pe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]

Proper noun

波斯(ペルシャ) or 波斯(ペルシア) • (Perusha or Perushia) 

1. [from 1839] Persia

Usage notes

• The kanji spelling 波斯 is uncommon in modern usage.
• Both forms ペルシャ (Perusha) and ペルシア (Perushia) are attested. The former is preferred in various resources.[1][2][3]

References

1. “波斯”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
波	斯

Proper noun

波斯

1. chữ Hán form of Ba Tư (“Persia”).