法律

法律

Chinese

		law; method; way law; method; way; Buddhist teaching; Legalist; France (abbrev.)	law
simp. and trad. (法律)		法	律
anagram		律法

Etymology

Attestable in Classical Chinese. Popularised from Japanese 法律 (ほうりつ) (hōritsu).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǎlǜ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faat³ leot⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fap-li̍t
• Min Dong (BUC): huák-lŭk
• Min Nan (POJ): hoat-lu̍t
• Wu (Wiktionary): faq liq (T4)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: fǎlǜ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄩˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faaliw
    • IPA ^(key): /fä²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ly⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: faat³ leot⁶
    • Yale: faat leuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faat⁸ loet⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fad³ lêd⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /fäːt̚³ lɵt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fap-li̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: fab` lid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fab⁵ lid⁶
    • IPA: /fap̚² lit̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huák-lŭk
    • IPA ^(key): /huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃uʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat-lu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: huat-lu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoatlut
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ lut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lut̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²⁻⁵ lut̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ lut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ lut̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: faq liq (T4)
    • IPA ^(key): /fa̱ʔ³³ li̯ɪʔ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: /pɨɐp̚  liuɪt̚/▼

Rime
Character	法	律
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	乏 (148)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方乏切	呂卹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨɐp̚/	/liuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piɐp̚/	/lʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piɐp̚/	/ljuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puap̚/	/lwit̚/
Li Rong	/piɐp̚/	/liuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/pĭwɐp̚/	/lĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯wɐp̚/	/li̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fa	lǜ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[p.k]ap  [r]ut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pqab  rud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	法	律	律
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǎ	lǜ	lǜ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjop ›	‹ lwit ›	‹ lwit ›
Old Chinese	/*[p.k]ap/	/*[r]ut/	/*[r]ut/
English	model, law	law, rule (n.)	不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	法	律
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2867	15978
Phonetic component	法	聿
Rime group	盍	物
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	法	律
Old Chinese	/*pqab/	/*rud/
Notes	說文灋省文

Noun

法律

1. law (Classifier: 部 m)

   制定法律  ―  zhìdìng fǎlǜ  ―  to make laws

   執行法律 / 执行法律  ―  zhíxíng fǎlǜ  ―  to enforce the law

   訴諸法律 / 诉诸法律  ―  sùzhū fǎlǜ  ―  to resort to the law

   法律面前人人平等。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Fǎlǜ miànqián rénrén píngděng. [Pinyin]

   All men are equal before the law.

Derived terms

法律事務所／法律事务所 (fǎlǜ shìwùsuǒ) 法律學／法律学 (fǎlǜxué) 法律實證主義／法律实证主义 (fǎlǜ shízhèngzhǔyì)

法律援助 (fǎlǜ yuánzhù) 法律效力 (fǎlǜ xiàolì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (法律):

• → Japanese: 法律 (ほうりつ) (hōritsu)
• → Korean: 법률 (法律, beomnyul)
• → Vietnamese: pháp luật (法律)

See also

• 成文法 (chéngwénfǎ)
• 法案 (fǎ'àn)
• 法學／法学 (fǎxué)
• 立法 (lìfǎ)
• 民法 (mínfǎ)
• 普通法 (pǔtōngfǎ)
• 守法 (shǒufǎ)
• 憲法法／宪法法 (xiànfǎfǎ)
• 刑法 (xíngfǎ)
• 執法／执法 (zhífǎ)

---

Japanese

Kanji in this term
法	律
ほう Grade: 4	りつ Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ほーりつ [hòórítsú] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɾʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

法律 (hiragana ほうりつ, rōmaji hōritsu)

1. The field, profession, and study of law. The rule of law.

   Synonym: 法学

   政 (せい)治 (じ)より法律 (ほうりつ)を学 (まな)びたい。

   Seiji yori hōritsu o manabitai.

   I would rather study law than politics.

   法律 (ほうりつ)事 (じ)務 (む)所 (しょ)

   hōritsu jimusho

   a law firm/office

2. A statute. An act of a legislature.

   その法律 (ほうりつ)は不 (ふ)当 (とう)だ。

   Sono hōritsu wa futō da.

   That law is unjust.

Synonyms

• 法 (ほう) (hō)
• 法 (ほう)令 (れい) (hōrei)

Related terms

• 六 (ろっ)法 (ぽう) (roppō): six codes
• 憲 (けん)法 (ぽう) (kenpō): constitution
• 民 (みん)法 (ぽう) (minpō): civil law
• 商 (しょう)法 (ほう) (shōhō): commercial law
• 刑 (けい)法 (ほう) (keihō): criminal law
• 民 (みん)事 (じ)訴 (そ)訟 (しょう)法 (ほう) (minji soshōhō): civil procedure code
• 刑 (けい)事 (じ)訴 (そ)訟 (しょう)法 (ほう) (keiji soshōhō): criminal procedure code

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

---

Korean

Hanja in this term
法	律

Noun

法律 • (beomnyul) (hangeul 법률)

1. Hanja form^? of 법률 (“law”).

---

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
法	律

Noun

法律

1. Hán tự form of pháp luật (“law”).