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单词 法
释义

法

See also: 灋
法 U+6CD5, 法
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CD5
← 泔
[U+6CD4]		CJK Unified Ideographs泖 →
[U+6CD6]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

法 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水土戈 (EGI), four-corner 34131, composition ⿰氵去)

Derived characters

  • 𠵽, 𭡚, 𦝌, 琺, 鍅, 𪶏, 𭱇, 𬈅, 𧇦, 𭓼, 𦲾, 𪾁, 𪴹, 䦢, 𬰂, 𢌇, 𦝎, 𤀢, 𪫚, 𠎢
  • 灋 (Variant traditional form of 法)

References

  • KangXi: page 616, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17290
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1010, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1579, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6CD5

Chinese

simp. and trad.
法
alternative forms㳒
灋
𢌇
佱
𣳴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 法
Western ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptionsSmall seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (法) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
法*pqab
灋*pqab

Simplified from earlier 灋, which was originally used to represent 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside; to abrogate”).

Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan བབས (babs, “shape, form, appearance”), དབྱིབས (dbyibs, “shape, form, figure”). Possibly cognate with 凡 (OC *bom, “all, general, every; pattern, general rule”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): fǎ, fā, fá (fa3, fa1, fa2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ, ㄈㄚ, ㄈㄚˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): fa2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фа (fa, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): faat3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fat2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): fat6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fap
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fab5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): fah4
  • Min Bei (KCR): huă
  • Min Dong (BUC): huák
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huab4 / huag4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): faq (T4)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): fa6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎ
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎ
      • Wade–Giles: fa3
      • Yale: fǎ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faa
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä²¹⁴/
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fā
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fa
      • Wade–Giles: fa1
      • Yale: fā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fa
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä⁵⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fá
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fá
      • Wade–Giles: fa2
      • Yale: fá
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä³⁵/
Note:
  • fǎ - normal pronunciation;
  • fā - used in some colloquial words (e.g. 法兒 (“method”) in 沒法兒 and 想個法兒);
  • fá - used in 法子 (“method”) and 法兒 (“method”).
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: fa2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fa
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fa²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фа (fa, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fa²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: faat3
      • Yale: faat
      • Cantonese Pinyin: faat8
      • Guangdong Romanization: fad3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /faːt̚³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: fat2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fat̚⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: fat6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fat̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fap
      • Hakka Romanization System: fab`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: fab5
      • Sinological IPA: /fap̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: fab5
      • Sinological IPA: /fap̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: fah4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /faʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huă
      • Sinological IPA (key): /xua²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: huák
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huɑʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat
      • Tâi-lô: huat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hoad
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /huat̚⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: huab4 / huag4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huap / huak
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huap̚²/, /huak̚²/
Note:
  • huab4 - Chaozhou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • huag4 - Shantou, Chenghai.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: faq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fa̱ʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: fa6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɸa̠²⁴/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
法
MandarinBeijing/fa²¹⁴/
/fa⁵¹/
Harbin/fa²¹³/
Tianjin/fɑ⁴⁵/ ～子
/fɑ¹³/ 方～,～國
Jinan/fa²¹³/
Qingdao/fa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/fa²⁴/
Xi'an/fa²¹/
Xining/fa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/fa¹³/
Lanzhou/fa¹³/
Ürümqi/fa⁵¹/
Wuhan/fa²¹³/
Chengdu/fa³¹/
Guiyang/fa²¹/
Kunming/fa̠³¹/
Nanjing/fɑʔ⁵/
Hefei/fɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/faʔ²/
Pingyao/xuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/faʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/faʔ⁵/
Suzhou/faʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/fɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/ho²¹³/
HuiShexian/faʔ²¹/
Tunxi/fuːə⁵/
XiangChangsha/fa²⁴/
Xiangtan/ɸɒ²⁴/
GanNanchang/faʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/fap̚¹/
Taoyuan/fɑp̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/fat̚³/
Nanning/fat̚³³/
Hong Kong/fat̚³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/huat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/huɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/xua²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/huak̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan)/fak̚⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /pɨɐp̚/
Rime
Character法
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)凡 (148)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie方乏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pɨɐp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/piɐp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/piɐp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/puap̚/
Li
Rong		/piɐp̚/
Wang
Li		/pĭwɐp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/pi̯wɐp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		fa
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		faat3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[p.k]ap/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pqab/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character法
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		fǎ
Middle
Chinese		‹ pjop ›
Old
Chinese		/*[p.k]ap/
Englishmodel, law

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character法
Reading #1/1
No.2867
Phonetic
component		法
Rime
group		盍
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		法
Old
Chinese		/*pqab/
Notes說文灋省文

Definitions

法

  1. law; rule; regulation; statute
    法院  ―  fǎyuàn  ―  court of law
    立法  ―  lìfǎ  ―  to legislate
    犯法  ―  fànfǎ  ―  to break the law
    普通法  ―  pǔtōngfǎ  ―  common law
    著作權法／著作权法  ―  zhùzuòquánfǎ  ―  copyright law
  2. norm; standard; model; example
    法書／法书  ―  fǎshū  ―  model calligraphy
    語法／语法  ―  yǔfǎ  ―  grammar
  3. to imitate; to emulate
    效法  ―  xiàofǎ  ―  to imitate
    師法／师法  ―  shīfǎ  ―  to imitate
  4. method; way; solution
    歸納法／归纳法  ―  guīnàfǎ  ―  inductive reasoning
  5. (Buddhism) dharma; principle of the universe; teachings of Buddha
    法輪／法轮  ―  fǎlún  ―  dharmachakra
    末法時期／末法时期  ―  mò fǎ shíqī  ―  Dharma-ending age
  6. magic; magic arts; sorcery; witchcraft
    施法  ―  shīfǎ  ―  to cast a spell
  7. 40th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "law" (𝌭)
  8. a surname
Usage notes
  • Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciations fā and fá.

Compounds

Derived terms from 法

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (法):
  • → Japanese: 法(ほう) (hō)
  • → Korean: 법(法) (beop)
  • → Vietnamese: pháp (法)

Others:

  • → Proto-Tai
    • Lao: ແບບ (bǣp, “form; model, standard, example; method; style, manner; brand, type”)
    • Thai: แบบ (bɛ̀ɛp, “kind; design, pattern; style; type; model”)
    • → Khmer: បែប (baep, “kind, sort, model, type; style, form, shape; aspect; method, way, situation, condition”)
  • → Vietnamese: phép (“rule, custom, usage, method; permission, authorisation; magical power”)
  • → Manchu: ᡶᠠᡶᡠᠨ (fafun, “law; rule; punishment”)

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎ, fà (fa3, fa4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ, ㄈㄚˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): faat3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fap
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fab5
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huab4 / huag4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎ
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎ
      • Wade–Giles: fa3
      • Yale: fǎ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faa
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä²¹⁴/
    • (Standard Chinese, originally Beijing dialect, common variant in Taiwan)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fà
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fà
      • Wade–Giles: fa4
      • Yale: fà
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fah
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: faat3
      • Yale: faat
      • Cantonese Pinyin: faat8
      • Guangdong Romanization: fad3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /faːt̚³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fap
      • Hakka Romanization System: fab`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: fab5
      • Sinological IPA: /fap̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: fab5
      • Sinological IPA: /fap̚¹/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat
      • Tâi-lô: huat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hoad
      • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²/
      • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚³²/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: huab4 / huag4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huap / huak
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huap̚²/, /huak̚²/
Note:
  • huab4 - Chaozhou;
  • huag4 - Shantou.

Definitions

法

  1. Short for 法蘭西／法兰西 (Fǎlánxī, “France”).
    法語／法语  ―  fǎyǔ  ―  French language
    法棍  ―  fǎgùn  ―  French stick
Usage notes
  • Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation fà.

Compounds

  • 中法戰爭／中法战争
  • 法國／法国
  • 法國人／法国人
  • 法國大革命／法国大革命
  • 法國百合／法国百合
  • 法國砂鍋／法国砂锅
  • 法國菜／法国菜
  • 法國號／法国号
  • 法國話／法国话
  • 法國鬥牛犬／法国斗牛犬
  • 法式
  • 法式薯條／法式薯条
  • 法文
  • 法新社
  • 法棍
  • 法蘭西／法兰西
  • 法語／法语
  • 維希法國／维希法国
  • 英法聯軍／英法联军

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎ (fa3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎ
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎ
      • Wade–Giles: fa3
      • Yale: fǎ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faa
      • Palladius: фа (fa)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fä²¹⁴/

Definitions

法

  1. Short for 法拉 (fǎlā, “farad”).

Compounds

  • 微法
  • 毫法
  • 皮法

References

  • “法”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

法

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. method
  2. law, rule
  3. principle
  4. model
  5. system

Readings

  • Go-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)←ほふ (fofu, historical)
  • Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)←はふ (fafu, historical)
  • Kan’yō-on: はっ (ha', Jōyō †)←はふ (fafu, historical); ほっ (ho', Jōyō †)←ほふ (fofu, historical)
  • Kun: おきて (okite, 法); のっとる (nottoru, 法る); のり (nori, 法)
  • Nanori: かず (kazu); つね (tsune); はかる (hakaru)

Compounds

  • 永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)
  • 法(ほう)号(ごう) (hōgō, “a dharma name”)
  • 法(ほう)案(あん) (hōan)
  • 法(ほう)印(いん) (hōin)
  • 法(ほう)衣(え) (hōe), 法(ほう)衣(い) (hōi)
  • 法(ほう)医(い)学(がく) (hōigaku)
  • 法(ほう)王(おう) (hōō)
  • 法(ほう)皇(おう) (hōō)
  • 法(ほう)外(がい) (hōgai)
  • 法(ほう)学(がく) (hōgaku)
  • 法(ほう)規(き) (hōki)
  • 法(ほう)事(じ) (hōji)
  • 法(ほう)術(じゅつ) (hōjutsu)
  • 法(ほう)人(じん) (hōjin)
  • 法(ほう)則(そく) (hōsoku)
  • 法(ほう)定(てい) (hōtei)
  • 法(ほう)廷(てい) (hōtei)
  • 法(ほう)典(てん) (hōten)
  • 法(はっ)度(と) (hatto)
  • 法(ほう)要(よう) (hōyō)
  • 法(ほ)螺(ら) (hora)
  • 法(ほう)力(りき) (hōriki), 法(ほう)力(りょく) (hōryoku)
  • 法(ほう)律(りつ) (hōritsu)
  • 法(ほう)輪(りん) (hōrin)
  • 加(か)法(ほう) (kahō)
  • 家(か)法(ほう) (kahō)
  • 減(げん)法(ぽう) (genpō)
  • 憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kenpō), 憲(けん)法(ぼう) (kenbō)
  • 刑(けい)法(ほう) (keihō)
  • 公(こう)法(ほう) (kōhō)
  • 国(こく)法(ほう) (kokuhō)
  • 国(こく)際(さい)法(ほう) (kokusaihō)
  • 司(し)法(ほう) (shihō)
  • 私(し)法(ほう) (shihō)
  • 除(じょ)法(ほう) (johō)
  • 商(しょう)法(ほう) (shōhō)
  • 乗(じょう)法(ほう) (jōhō)
  • 定(じょう)法(ほう) (jōhō)
  • 民(みん)法(ぽう) (minpō)
  • 寸(すん)法(ぽう) (sunpō, “dimension, size”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
法
ほう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pɨɐp̚). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi
    • (Tokyo) ほー [hòó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ho̞ː]

Noun

法(ほう) • (hō) ←はふ (fafu)?

  1. principle
  2. law
  3. code of law
  4. method
  5. etiquette
  6. (Buddhism) dharma
  7. (grammar) mood
  8. (mathematics) divisor
Derived terms
  • 方(ほう)法(ほう) (hōhō, “way, method, manner”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
法
のり
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

  • 規, 則, 矩

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) のり​ [nòríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [no̞ɾʲi]

Noun

法(のり) • (nori) 

  1. law
  2. measure, size
    内(うち)法(のり)
    uchi nori
    inner size
Synonyms
  • (law): 法(ほう)規(き) (hōki), 法(ほう)律(りつ) (hōritsu)
  • (measure): 寸(すん)法(ぽう) (sunpō)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
法
ふらん
Grade: 4
irregular

From French franc.[1][3]

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) フ​ラン [fúꜜràǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝɾã̠ɴ]

Noun

法(フラン) • (furan) 

  1. Alternative spelling of フラン

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

法 (eumhun 법 법 (beop beop))

  1. Hanja form? of 법 (“law”).

Vietnamese

Han character

法: Hán Việt readings: pháp[1][2][3][4][5][6]
法: Nôm readings: pháp[1][2][3], phép[1][2][3], phấp[1][2][3], phăm[3], phắp[3], bắp[1], mép[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of pháp (“law, method, standard”).
  2. chữ Hán form of Pháp (“France, French”).
  3. Nôm form of phép (“custom, permission”).

Derived terms

  • 句法 (cú pháp)
  • 司法 (tư pháp)
  • 合法 (hợp pháp)
  • 律法 (luật pháp)
  • 憲法 (hiến pháp)
  • 拳法 (quyền pháp)
  • 方法 (phương pháp)
  • 書法 (thư pháp)
  • 法制 (pháp chế)
  • 法家 (pháp gia)
  • 法師 (pháp sư)
  • 法律 (pháp luật)
  • 法權 (pháp quyền)
  • 法術 (pháp thuật)
  • 法輪 (pháp luân)
  • 法醫 (pháp y)
  • 犯法 (phạm pháp)
  • 療法 (liệu pháp)
  • 立法 (lập pháp)
  • 筆法 (bút pháp)
  • 行法 (hành pháp)
  • 解法 (giải pháp)
  • 語法 (ngữ pháp)
  • 辦法 (biện pháp)
  • 非法 (phi pháp)

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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