泉

泉

泉 U+6CC9, 泉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CC9 ← 泈 [U+6CC8] CJK Unified Ideographs 泊 → [U+6CCA]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

泉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日水 (HAE), four-corner 2623₂, composition ⿱白水)

Derived characters

• 腺, 𫇋, 𧪒, 𤀁

References

• KangXi: page 615, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17274
• Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1576, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6CC9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		泉
alternative forms		𤽄 湶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泉
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (泉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
線	*sqʰeːns
泉	*sɡʷen
葲	*sɡʷen
灥	*kʰʷjen, *sɢʷin

Pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意) : 白 (“spring mouth”) + 水 (“water”) – water flowing from the source of a spring.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs the Old Chinese as *dzwan and also reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tso (“to bubble; to boil”) (> Tibetan འཚོད་པ ('tshod pa, “to be boiled”), Tibetan བཙོས (btsos, “to cook in boiling water”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil; to bubble”)), and considers 泉 (OC *sɡʷen, “spring (of water)”) to be cognate to it (with an n-suffix nominalization). However, STEDT considers the above three Tibeto-Burman terms to be descended from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to bake; to bake”), to which 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to roast; to burn; to scorch”) is cognate.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): quán (quan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): cyun⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tun³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhièn
• Jin (Wiktionary): qye¹
• Min Bei (KCR): cṳ̂ing
• Min Dong (BUC): ciòng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chôaⁿ / choân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zuan⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): xxi (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): jienn²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: quán
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuán
    • Wade–Giles: chʻüan²
    • Yale: chywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyuan
    • Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyun⁴
    • Yale: chyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰyːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰun²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: qienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯en¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qye¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̂ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syiŋ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chôaⁿ / choân
    • Tâi-lô: tsuânn / tsuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvoaa, zoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡suã²⁴/, /t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suã²⁴/, /t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suã¹³/, /t͡suan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡suã²⁴/, /t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡suã²³/, /t͡suan²³/

Note:

• chôaⁿ - vernacular;
• choân - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zuan⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuâⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sũã⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xxi (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʑ̥i²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jienn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiẽ¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ziuᴇn/

Rime
Character	泉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾緣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwian/
Li Rong	/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-ɢʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɡʷen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English	spring, source
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泉
Reading #	1/1
No.	10728
Phonetic component	泉
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	全
Old Chinese	/*sɡʷen/

Definitions

泉

1. springwater (Classifier: 口 m; 眼 m)

   溫泉／温泉  ―  wēnquán  ―  hot spring

   甘泉  ―  gānquán  ―  sweet springwater

2. mouth of a spring
3. mythical abode of the dead

   黃泉／黄泉  ―  huángquán  ―  netherworld

4. (historical) an ancient type of coin
5. Short for 泉州 (Quánzhōu, “Quanzhou”).

Synonyms

• (springwater):

edit

水泉 (shuǐquán) (literary or Min Nan)

泉水 (quánshuǐ)

• (mouth of a spring):

edit

泉眼 (quányǎn)

泉空 (Min Nan)

浸水眼 (Xiang)

Compounds

Derived terms from 泉

三泉 下泉 九泉 (jiǔquán) 乳泉 五眼泉 (Wǔyǎnquán) 冷泉 (lěngquán) 冽泉 (lièquán) 千泉 (Qiānquán) 卓刀泉 (Zhuódāoquán) 奔泉 寒泉之思 山泉 (shānquán) 廉泉 息影林泉 月牙泉 (Yuèyáquán) 林泉 (línquán) 毖泉 水泉 (shuǐquán) 氿泉 (guǐquán) 沸泉 (fèiquán) 泉下 (quánxià) 泉世 (quánshì) 泉口 (Quánkǒu) 泉壤 (quánrǎng) 泉子 泉州 (Quánzhōu) 泉扃 泉水 (quánshuǐ) 泉源 (quányuán) 泉溪 (Quánxī) 泉眼 (quányǎn) 泉石 (quánshí) 泉石膏肓 泉路 (quánlù)

洪泉 (hóngquán) 流泉 (liúquán) 清泉 (qīngquán) 源泉 (yuánquán) 澧泉 瀵泉 玉泉 (Yùquán) 玻璃泉 甘泉 (gānquán) 甘泉必竭 白泉 (báiquán) 石泉 硫磺泉 神泉 荒漠甘泉 言泉 (yánquán) 趵突泉 酒泉 (jiǔquán) 醴泉 重泉 (zhòngquán) 阪泉 不飲盜泉／不饮盗泉 噴泉／喷泉 (pēnquán) 寶泉局／宝泉局 平泉莊／平泉庄 思如泉湧／思如泉涌 思如湧泉／思如涌泉 思若湧泉／思若涌泉 操瓶湧泉／操瓶涌泉 文思泉湧／文思泉涌 泉幣／泉币 (quánbì) 泉幣文字／泉币文字 泉湧／泉涌 泉溝／泉沟 (Quángōu)

泉脈／泉脉 (quánmài) 泉臺／泉台 泉貝／泉贝 淚如泉湧／泪如泉涌 (lèirúquányǒng) 淵泉／渊泉 渴驥奔泉／渴骥奔泉 湧泉／涌泉 湯泉／汤泉 (tāngquán) 源泉萬斛／源泉万斛 溫泉／温泉 (wēnquán) 溫泉浴／温泉浴 濆泉／𣸣泉 火然泉達／火然泉达 盜泉／盗泉 (Dàoquán) 盜泉寧渴／盗泉宁渴 碧落黃泉／碧落黄泉 礦泉／矿泉 (kuàngquán) 礦泉水／矿泉水 (kuàngquánshuǐ) 窮泉／穷泉 萬斛泉源／万斛泉源 誓泉之譏／誓泉之讥 謀如湧泉／谋如涌泉 貨泉／货泉 貪泉酌飲／贪泉酌饮 趵突泉詩／趵突泉诗 間歇噴泉／间歇喷泉 間歇泉／间歇泉 (jiànxiēquán) 飛泉／飞泉 (fēiquán) 馬跑泉／马跑泉 鹽泉／盐泉 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán) 龍泉／龙泉 (lóngquán) 龍泉窯／龙泉窑

References

• “泉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

泉

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. spring (source of water)

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)
• Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
• Kun: いずみ (izumi, 泉, Jōyō)^{←いづみ (idumi, historical)}
• Nanori: いず (izu); ずい (zui); ずみ (zumi); ぜい (zei); ぜん (zen); の (no)

Compounds

Compounds

• 温(おん)泉(せん) (onsen, “hot spring”)
• 源(げん)泉(せん) (gensen, “source, origin”)
• 鉱(こう)泉(せん) (kōsen, “mineral spring”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泉
いずみ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/idumi/ → /id͡zumi/ → (for most modern Japanese dialects; see also Yotsugana) /izumi/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Compound of 出づ (ancient reading idu, modern izu, “to come out”) +‎ 水 (mi, “water”).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) いずみ [ìzúmí] (Heiban – [0])[2][5][4]
• IPA^(key): [izɨᵝmʲi]

Noun

泉(いずみ) • (izumi) ^{←いづみ (idumi)?}

1. natural spring, a wellspring

   Synonyms: 湧泉, 涌泉 (yūsen)

   若(わか)返(がえ)りの泉(いずみ)

   Wakagaeri no Izumi

   The Fountain of Youth

   • 1999 August 26, “泉(いずみ)の妖(よう)精(せい) [Fairy of the Fountain]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:

     泉(いずみ)を守(まも)る妖(よう)精(せい)。泉(いずみ)を汚(けが)す者(もの)を容(よう)赦(しゃ)なく攻(こう)撃(げき)。

     Izumi o mamoru yōsei. Izumi o kegasu mono o yōsha naku kōgeki.

     A fairy who mercilessly assaults anyone who dares contaminate the fountain she’s sworn protects.

Proper noun

泉(いずみ) • (Izumi) ^{←いづみ (idumi)?}

1. a place name
2. a surname
3. a female given name

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泉 (MC d͡ziuᴇn).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄍᆑᆫ (Yale: ccyyèn)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	ᄉᆡᆷ〯 (Yale: sǒym)	쳔 (Yale: chyèn)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [천]

Hanja

Wikisource泉 (eumhun 샘 천 (saem cheon))

1. Hanja form^? of 천 (“spring”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 온천 (溫泉, oncheon)
• 횡천 (黃泉, hoengcheon)
• 원천 (源泉, woncheon)
• 간헐천 (間歇泉, ganheolcheon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

泉: Hán Nôm readings: tuyền

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