沼

沼	U+6CBC, 沼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBC

← 治
[U+6CBB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

沽 →
[U+6CBD]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

沼 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸竹口 (ESHR), four-corner 3716₂, composition ⿰氵召)

lake
fishpond
swamps

References

KangXi: page 614, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17257
Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1597, character 5
Unihan data for U+6CBC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		沼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
刀	*taːw
忉	*taːw
魛	*taːw
舠	*taːw
朷	taːw, moːɡ
叨	tuːw, l̥ʰaːw
倒	taːwʔ, taːws
到	*taːws
菿	taːws, rtaːwɢ
鞀	*deːw
鳭	rteːw, teːw
灱	*hreːw
菬	sdew, tjewʔ
超	*tʰew
怊	tʰew, tʰjew
欩	*tʰew
召	dews, djews
昭	*tjew
招	*tjew
鉊	*tjew
沼	*tjewʔ
照	*tjews
詔	*tjews
炤	*tjews
弨	tʰjew, tʰjewʔ
眧	*tʰjewʔ
韶	*djew
佋	djew, djewʔ
軺	djew, lew
玿	*djew
柖	*djew
紹	*djewʔ
袑	*djewʔ
綤	*djewʔ
邵	*djews
劭	*djews
卲	*djews
刁	*teːw
芀	teːw, deːw
貂	*teːw
蛁	*teːw
迢	*deːw
苕	*deːw
髫	*deːw
岧	*deːw

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎo (zhao³)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu²
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): zau³
Min Nan (POJ): chiáu / chiau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
  - Wade–Giles: chao³
  - Yale: jǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
  - Palladius: чжао (čžao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ziu²
  - Yale: jíu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dziu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: jiu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zau³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sau³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiau
  - Tâi-lô: tsiau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiau³³/

Note:

chiáu - literary;
chiau - vernacular (俗).

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇu^X/

Rime
Character	沼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之少切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaw^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛu^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tawʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*tjewʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyew^X ›
Old Chinese	/*tawʔ/
English	pool
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沼
Reading #	1/1
No.	2130
Phonetic component	刀
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	沼
Old Chinese	/*tjewʔ/

Definitions

沼

pool; pond
- 王立於沼上，顧鴻雁麋鹿，曰：「賢者亦樂此乎？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王立于沼上，顾鸿雁麋鹿，曰：“贤者亦乐此乎？” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wáng lì yú zhǎo shàng, gù hóngyàn mílù, yuē: “Xián zhě yì yuè cǐ hū?” [Pinyin]
  The king went and stood with him by a pond, and, looking round at the large geese and deer, said, 'Do wise and good princes also find pleasure in these things?'

Compounds

慧沼
池沼 (chízhǎo)
沼山 (Zhǎoshān)
沼泥

泥沼 (nízhǎo)
湖沼 (húzhǎo)
廢沼／废沼
沼氣／沼气 (zhǎoqì)

沼澤／沼泽 (zhǎozé)
沼澤土／沼泽土
沼蝦／沼虾

Japanese

Kanji

沼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kun: ぬま (numa, 沼, Jōyō); ぬ (nu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
沼
ぬ Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Root of the Old Japanese verb ぬる (nuru, “to become loose; to become wet”) and modern Japanese 濡れる (nureru, “to become wet”), adverb ぬるぬる (nurunuru, “loosely; lukewarmly; oozingly”).

May be cognate with Korean 늪 (neup, “swamp, bog, marsh”), Ainu nup (“flat land, plain; fen”), Mongolian нам (nam, “low-lying”), намаг (namag, “swamp, bog, marsh”), норох (norox, “to become wet”).

Generally only used in compounds in modern Japanese.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

沼(ぬ) • (nu)

a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

Derived terms

小(お)沼(ぬ) (onu): a swamp, particularly a small one
隠(こもり)沼(ぬ) (komorinu): a hidden bog

Etymology 2

沼 (numa): a marsh, a wetland.

Kanji in this term
沼
ぬま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be a compound of 沼 (nu, “swamp”) +‎ 間 (ma, “space, area”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぬま [nùmáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3][4]
IPA^(key): [nɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Noun

沼(ぬま) • (numa)

a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland
(slang) inescapable pit of addiction to games, etc.
Synonym: 深沼 (fukanuma)

Derived terms

沼(ぬま)尻(しり) (Numashiri), 沼(ぬま)尻(じり) (Numajiri): a surname
鹿(か)沼(ぬま) (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi
深沼(ふかぬま) (fukanuma, “inescapable pit of addiction”, literally “deep bog”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
沼
しょう Grade: S
on’yomi

/seu/ → /ɕeu/ → /ɕʲoː/

From Middle Chinese 沼 (tsyew^X, “swamp”). Compare modern Mandarin 沼 (zhǎo).

Only ever used in compounds.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ː]

Affix

沼(しょう) • (shō) ^{←せう (seu)^?}

a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

Derived terms

沼気(しょうき) (shōki): swamp gas, methane
沼湖(しょうこ) (shōko): marshes and lakes
沼沢(しょうたく) (shōtaku): marshes and bogs
沼地(しょうち) (shōchi): clabber, marshy soil, marshy ground; a swampy place
沼池(しょうち) (shōchi): marshes and ponds
沼鉄鉱(しょうてっこう) (shōtekkō): bog iron
湖沼(こしょう) (koshō): lakes and marshes

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 沼 (MC t͡ɕiᴇu^X). Recorded as Middle Korean 쇼〯 (syǒ) (Yale: syo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource沼 (eumhun 못 소 (mot so))

Hanja form^? of 소 (“swamp”).
Hanja form^? of 소 (“pond”).

Compounds

호소 (湖沼, hoso)
소지 (沼池, soji)
소택 (沼澤, sotaek)
소택지 (沼澤地, sotaekji)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

沼: Hán Nôm readings: trẻo

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

沼

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Affix

Derived terms

References

Korean

Etymology

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character