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单词 油
释义

油

See also: 㳌, 沺, 𣳑, and 由
油 U+6CB9, 油
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CB9
← 沸
[U+6CB8]		CJK Unified Ideographs沺 →
[U+6CBA]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

油 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水中田 (ELW), four-corner 35160, composition ⿰氵由)

Derived characters

  • 𠶢, 𣓐, 𭳂, 𫈜, 𩭶

References

  • KangXi: page 614, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17253
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1007, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1585, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6CB9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
油

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 油
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖*ljɯwɢs
岫*ljɯwɢs
牰*ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽*l̥ʰɯw
妯*l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬*l'ɯw
怞*l'ɯw
鮋*l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗*rlɯw
宙*l'ɯwɢs
胄*l'ɯwɢs
冑*l'ɯwɢs
伷*l'ɯwɢs
駎*l'ɯwɢs
油*lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由*lɯw
蚰*lɯw
秞*lɯw
邮*lɯw
釉*lɯwɢs
柚*lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬*lɯwɢs
苖*l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛*l'ɯːwɢ
迪*l'ɯːwɢ
頔*l'ɯːwɢ
軸*l'ɯwɢ
舳*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lɯw, *lɯwɢs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): yóu (you2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): you2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ю (i͡u, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jau4, jau4-2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiu3, yiu3*
  • Gan (Wiktionary): iu4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yù
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yu2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): iou1
  • Min Bei (KCR): iû
  • Min Dong (BUC): iù
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): iû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): hhieu (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): iou2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
      • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
      • Wade–Giles: yu2
      • Yale: yóu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
      • Palladius: ю (ju)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: you2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iəu²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ю (i͡u, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iou²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jau4, jau4-2
      • Yale: yàuh, yáu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jau4, jau4-2
      • Guangdong Romanization: yeo4, yeo4-2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯²¹/, /jɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: yiu3, yiu3*
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jiu²²/, /jiu²²⁻²²⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: iu4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iu³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
      • Hakka Romanization System: iuˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
      • Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
    • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
      • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
      • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: yu2
      • Sinological IPA: /iu¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: iou1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəu¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iû
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iu³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ieu⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
      • Tâi-lô: iû
      • Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /iu²⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: iu5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iû
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hhieu (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦiɜ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: iou2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iəu¹³/
  • Middle Chinese: /jɨu/
Rime
Character油
Reading #1/2
Initial (聲)以 (36)
Final (韻)尤 (136)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie以周切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		/jiu/
Shao
Rongfen		/iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/juw/
Li
Rong		/iu/
Wang
Li		/jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		/i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jau4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l][u]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character油
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		yóu
Middle
Chinese		‹ yuw ›
Old
Chinese		/*[l][u]/
Englishflow(ing)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character油
Reading #1/2
No.15525
Phonetic
component		由
Rime
group		幽
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		猷
Old
Chinese		/*lɯw/
Notes象柚實，爲柚初文；柚爲條，由枿亦稱木生條，
同音相借

Definitions

油

  1. name of an ancient river
  2. oil: fat, grease, lard, petroleum, etc.
    麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil
    豬油／猪油  ―  zhūyóu  ―  lard
    石油  ―  shíyóu  ―  petroleum; oil
    機油／机油  ―  jīyóu  ―  engine oil
    漏油 [Cantonese]  ―  lau6 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to leak oil
    炒菜要落油。 [Cantonese]  ―  caau2 coi3 jiu3 lok6 jau4. [Jyutping]  ―  You need to add oil when you stir-fry vegetables.
  3. to paint
    油屋 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 uk1 [Jyutping]  ―  to paint the house
  4. (Cantonese) paint
    啲油未乾呀。／啲油未干呀。 [Cantonese]  ―  di1 jau4-2 mei6 gon1 aa3. [Jyutping]  ―  The paint hasn't dried yet.
  5. (Cantonese) to colour (with crayons, coloured pencils, oil pastel, etc.)
    老師將弟弟油嗰幅畫貼堂。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    老师将弟弟油嗰幅画贴堂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    lou5 si1 zoeng1 dai6-4 dai6-2 jau4 go2 fuk1 waa2 tip3 tong4. [Jyutping]
    The teacher posted the picture that my brother coloured on the board.
  6. (Cantonese) Short for 油門／油门 (yóumén, “accelerator; gas pedal; throttle”).
    踩油 [Cantonese]  ―  caai2 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to hit the gas; to accelerate
  7. to be grease-stained
  8. sly; glib
  9. vigorous, abundant
  10. shiny
  11. sweet-tempered, acquiescent
  12. flippant and insincere
  13. dark
  14. a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 油

Descendants

  • → Vietnamese: dầu (𪽠)

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yòu (you4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): jau6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yòu
      • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yòu
      • Wade–Giles: yu4
      • Yale: yòu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
      • Palladius: ю (ju)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jau6
      • Yale: yauh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jau6
      • Guangdong Romanization: yeo6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯²²/
  • Middle Chinese: /jɨuH/
Rime
Character油
Reading #2/2
Initial (聲)以 (36)
Final (韻)尤 (136)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie余救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/jɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		/jiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		/iəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/juwH/
Li
Rong		/iuH/
Wang
Li		/jĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jau6
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯwɢs/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character油
Reading #2/2
No.15534
Phonetic
component		由
Rime
group		奧
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		狖
Old
Chinese		/*lɯwɢs/

Definitions

油

  1. † Alternative form of 釉 (yòu, “to glaze”).
  2. Used in 浩油.

References

  • “油”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #4270”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ゆう (yū)←いう (iu, historical)
  • Kun: あぶら (abura, 油, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 橄(かん)欖(らん)油(ゆ) (kanran'yu): olive oil
  • 魚(ぎょ)油(ゆ) (gyoyu): fish oil
  • 苦(く)扁(へん)桃(とう)油(ゆ) (kuhentōyu): bitter almond oil
  • 鯨(げい)油(ゆ) (geiyu): whale oil
  • 醤(しょう)油(ゆ) (shōyu): soy sauce
  • テレビン油(ゆ) (terebin'yu): turpentine
  • 扁(へん)桃(とう)油(ゆ) (hentōyu): almond oil
  • 松(まつ)脂(やに)油(あぶら) (matsuyaniabura): turpentine
  • 油(ゆ)井(せい) (yusei): oil well
  • 油(ゆ)性(せい) (yusei): oiliness; oil-based
  • 油(ゆ)田(でん) (yuden): oil field
  • 辣(ラー)油(ユ) (rāyu): chili oil

Etymology

Kanji in this term
油
あぶら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 油 – see the following entry.
【あぶら】
[noun] 油, 膏: oil
Alternative spellings
油, 膏
(This term, 油, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

油 (eumhun 기름 유 (gireum yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 유 (“oil”).

Kunigami

Kanji

油

  • Kun: あんだー (andā)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Noun

油 (hiragana あんだー, romaji andā)

  1. oil

Miyako

Kanji

油

  • Kun: あっゔぁ (avva)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /avva/, /aʋva/, /aʋʋa/

Noun

油 (hiragana あっゔぁ, romaji avva)

  1. oil

Okinawan

Kanji

油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Kun: あんだ (anda, 油)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
油
あんだ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʔan̩da]

Noun

油 (hiragana あんだ, rōmaji anda)

  1. oil

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • 油虫 (あんだむさー, andamusā, “slug”)
  • 油人 (あんだちゅー, andachū, “green grass lizard (Takydromus smaragdinus)”)
  • 油揚ぎー (andagī, “andagi”)

References

  • “あんだ【油】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

油: Hán Việt readings: du[1][2][3][4][5][6]
油: Nôm readings: dầu[1][2][3], dàu[1][2][3], dàu[1][2][3], rầu[1][2][3], ru[1][2], dù[2][3], râu[1], trầu[3], dư, dẫu

  1. chữ Hán form of du (“oil”).
  2. Nôm form of dầu (“oil”).

Compounds

  • 油𫗒 (dầu ăn)

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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