沙門

Chinese

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāmén
(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚㄇㄣˊ
Min Nan (POJ): soa-mn̂g

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāmén
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚㄇㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shamén
  - Wade–Giles: sha¹-mên²
  - Yale: shā-mén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shamen
  - Palladius: шамэнь (šamɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa-mn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: sua-mn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soamngg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʃˠa muən/

Rime
Character	沙	門
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所加切	莫奔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/ʃa/	/muən/
Wang Li	/ʃa/	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa¹	mun⁴

Etymology 1

		phonetic
trad. (沙門)		沙	門
simp. (沙门)		沙	门

Possibly from Tocharian, likely the Tocharian A ṣāmaṃ (Ji, 1998v12). Ultimately from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa), possibly via Gandhari 𐨮𐨨𐨣‎ (ṣamana /ʂəmənə/) (see Karashima, 2010).

Noun

沙門

(Buddhism) ascetic monk

Derived terms

沙門果經／沙门果经
沙門氏桿菌／沙门氏杆菌

稗沙門／稗沙门

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沙門):

→ Japanese: 沙門(しゃもん) (shamon)
→ Korean: 사문(沙門) (samun)

Etymology 2

		granule; hoarse; raspy granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar	opening; door; gate opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; phylum or division (taxonomy)
trad. (沙門)		沙	門
simp. (沙门)		沙	门

Proper noun

沙門

(archaic) former name of the Changshan Archipelago between the Shandong and Liaoning peninsulas in northeastern China

Synonyms

長山／长山 (Chángshān)