沙
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Translingual
Han character
沙 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水火竹 (EFH), four-corner 39120, composition ⿰氵少)
Derived characters
- 唦 挱 猀 逤 桫 𣻅 䤬 鯋 𣾾 𬕍
- 乷 娑 挲 桬 㲚 㸺 硰 𧋊 裟 䣉 鯊(鲨) 莎 痧 閯 髿 䓾
References
- KangXi: page 611, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
- Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1562, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6C99
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 沙 | |
|---|---|---|
放大顯示的沙子，本為一平方釐米
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 沙 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
 |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (沙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 硰 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl |
| 娑 | *saːl, *saːlʔ |
| 挱 | *saːl, *sraːl |
| 挲 | *saːl |
| 桫 | *saːl |
| 渻 | *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ |
| 沙 | *sraːl, *sraːls |
| 紗 | *sraːl |
| 砂 | *sraːl |
| 鯊 | *sraːl |
| 裟 | *sraːl |
| 桬 | *sraːl |
| 髿 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 魦 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 莎 | *soːl |
| 莏 | *soːl |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 水 (“water”) + 少 (“to lack; to be short of”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/z)a-j (“earth, sand”). Compare Tibetan ས (sa, “sand”) and Burmese သဲ (sai:, “sand”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
沙
- sand
- 泥沙 ― níshā ― silt
- 沙漠 ― shāmò ― desert
- (usually used in place names) shoal
- something granular
- 豆沙 ― dòushā ― red bean paste
- mushy and rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality.
- 沙瓤 ― shāráng ― mushy watermelon pulp, Refers to the watermelon when the flesh becomes loose and fine-grained
- 沙梨 ― shālí ― Pyrus pyrifolia
- 西沙瓜 ― xīshāguā ― alternative of 硒砂瓜
- (of a voice) hoarse; husky
- 沙啞／沙哑 ― shāyǎ ― hoarse
- 叫到把聲沙嗮 [Cantonese, trad.]
- giu3 dou3 baa2 seng1 saa1 saai3 [Jyutping]
- shout so much that one's voice is all hoarse
叫到把声沙嗮 [Cantonese, simp.]
- (Buddhism) the number 10-8
- Short for 沙皇 (shāhuáng).
- 沙俄 ― Shā'é ― Russian Empire
- (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 沙巴 (Shābā, “Sabah”).
- (Mainland China) Short for 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó, “Saudi Arabia”).
- a surname
Synonyms
- (sand):
Dialectal synonyms of 沙子 (“sand”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 沙 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 沙子 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 沙子 |
| Taiwan | 沙子 | |
| Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 沙子 | |
| Harbin | 沙子 | |
| Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 沙子 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 沙 | |
| Jinan | 沙子 | |
| Wanrong | 沙 | |
| Xi'an | 沙子 | |
| Dingbian | 沙子 | |
| Yinchuan | 沙子 | |
| Xining | 沙子 | |
| Ürümqi | 沙子 | |
| Wuhan | 沙 | |
| Chengdu | 沙子, 沙, 河沙 | |
| Guiyang | 沙 | |
| Guilin | 沙子 | |
| Guilin (Lingui) | 沙子 | |
| Liuzhou | 沙子 | |
| Liuzhou (Luorong) | 沙子 | |
| Nanning (Wuming) | 沙子, 沙, 河沙 | |
| Yizhou | 沙子 | |
| Luocheng (Dongmen) | 沙子 | |
| Tianlin (Langping) | 沙子 | |
| Xuzhou | 沙子 | |
| Yangzhou | 沙子 | |
| Nanjing | 沙子 | |
| Hefei | 沙子 | |
| Qimen (Anling Junhua) | 沙子 | |
| Dagudi (Maliba) | 沙子 | |
| Reshuitang (Longling) | 沙子 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 沙子 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 沙子 | |
| Oudomxay | 沙 | |
| Pematangsiantar | 泥沙 | |
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 沙子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 沙 |
| Hong Kong | 沙 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 沙, 泥沙 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 沙 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 沙公 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 沙公 | |
| Macau | 沙 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 沙 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 沙 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 沙 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 沙 | |
| Foshan | 沙 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 沙 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 沙 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 沙 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 沙 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 沙 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 沙 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 沙 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 沙 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 沙 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 沙 | |
| Taishan | 沙 | |
| Taishan (Guanghai) | 沙 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 沙 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 沙 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 沙 | |
| Dongguan | 沙 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 沙 | |
| Yangjiang | 沙 | |
| Nanning | 沙 | |
| Yulin | 沙 | |
| Guiping | 沙 | |
| Guiping (Jintian) | 沙 | |
| Guiping (Jiangkou) | 沙 | |
| Guiping (Madong) | 沙 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 沙 | |
| Guigang (Nanjiang) | 沙 | |
| Beiliu (Tangliao) | 沙 | |
| Baise | 沙 | |
| Bobai | 沙 | |
| Lingshan | 沙 | |
| Pubei | 沙 | |
| Qinzhou | 沙 | |
| Qinzhou (Changtan) | 沙子 | |
| Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 沙 | |
| Beihai | 沙, 沙子, 泥沙 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 沙 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 沙 | |
| Ningming | 沙 | |
| Hengxian | 沙 | |
| Hezhou (Pumen) | 沙 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 沙 | |
| Chongzuo (Laituan) | 沙 | |
| Fusui (Qujiu) | 沙 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 沙 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 沙 | |
| Móng Cái | 沙 | |
| Mandalay (Taishan) | 沙 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 沙子, 沙 |
| Pengze | 沙子 | |
| Lichuan | 沙子, 沙 | |
| Pingxiang | 沙子 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 沙仔, 沙 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 泥沙 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 沙 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 沙 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 沙公 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 沙 | |
| Yudu | 沙子 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 沙仔 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 沙仔 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 沙仔 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 沙 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 沙仔, 沙 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 沙 | |
| Hong Kong | 沙公 | |
| Beiliu (Tang'an) | 沙 | |
| Beiliu (Gonghe) | 沙, 沙公 | |
| Xingye (Gaofeng) | 沙 | |
| Mashan (Pianlian) | 沙 | |
| Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 沙子 | |
| Lipu (Shuangduitun) | 沙 | |
| Pingle (Tong'an) | 沙公, 沙子 | |
| Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 沙子 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 沙 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 沙 |
| Qimen (Anling Minhua) | 沙 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 沙子 |
| Xinzhou | 沙子 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 沙 |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 沙 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 沙 |
| Gutian | 沙 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 沙 |
| Quanzhou | 沙 | |
| Zhangzhou | 沙 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 沙 | |
| Pingnan (Shangdu) | 沙 | |
| Pingnan (Pingtian) | 沙 | |
| Guiping (Xiaowen) | 沙 | |
| Guiping (Dongsheng) | 沙 | |
| Guilin (Biyange) | 沙塗 | |
| Chaozhou | 沙 | |
| Jieyang | 沙 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 沙 | |
| Haikou | 沙, 塗沙 | |
| Min Zhong | Yanping (Wangtai) | 沙 |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 沙 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 沙 |
| Nanning (Shajing) | 沙 | |
| Nanning (Gejiayuan) | 沙 | |
| Nanning (Zhegulu) | 沙 | |
| Nanning (Silian) | 沙 | |
| Nanning (Xiuxiang) | 沙子 | |
| Binyang | 沙子 | |
| Chongzuo (Laituan) | 沙 | |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 沙子 |
| Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 沙子 | |
| Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 沙, 沙子 | |
| Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 沙子 | |
| Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 沙哩 | |
| Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 沙 | |
| Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 沙哩 | |
| Guanyang (Guanyinge) | 沙子 | |
| Yangshuo (Jima) | 沙子 | |
| Liucheng (Yangmei) | 沙 | |
| Luocheng (Niubi) | 沙 | |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 沙子 |
| Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 沙子 | |
| Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 沙子 | |
| Chengbu (Xuntou) | 沙子 | |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 沙 |
| Suzhou | 沙, 河沙 | |
| Danyang | 沙 | |
| Hangzhou | 沙子 | |
| Wenzhou | 沙 | |
| Jinhua | 沙 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 沙子, 沙婆子, 沙婆 |
| Shuangfeng | 沙子 | |
| Quanzhou | 沙子 | |
| Guanyang (Wenshi) | 沙子 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 沙
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Descendants
- → Proto-Tai: *zwɯəjᴬ
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *zaːjᴬ
- Thai: ทราย (saai)
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *zaːjᴬ
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
沙
- (dialectal) to shake in order to gather impurities to be removed
Pronunciation 3
Definitions
沙
- (alt. form 娑) to twirl; to whirl
- (alt. form 挲) to fondle; to caress
Compounds
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Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 沙 – see 砂. (This character, 沙, is the second-round simplified form of 砂.) |
Notes:
|
References
- “沙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
沙
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: しゃ (sha)
- Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
- Kun: すな (suna, 沙); いさご (isago, 沙); よなげる (yonageru, 沙げる)
Noun
沙 • (suna)
- sand
Noun
沙 • (isago)
- small rock
- sand
Noun
沙 or 沙 • (sa or sha)
- Number of units, 1 of 100 million parts.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 沙 (MC ʃˠa, ʃˠaH). Recorded as Middle Korean 사 (sa) (Yale: sa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource沙 (eumhun 모래 사 (morae sa))
- Hanja form? of 사 (“sand”).
- Synonym: 砂 (사 (sa))
Compounds
Compounds
- 사암 (沙巖, saam)
- 토사 (土沙, tosa)
- 사기 (沙器, sagi)
- 사탕 (沙糖, satang)
- 사태 (沙汰, satae)
- 사발 (沙鉢, sabal)
- 사포 (沙布, sapo)
- 사공 (沙工, sagong)
- 사구 (沙丘, sagu)
- 사막 (沙漠, samak, “desert”)
- 백사장 (白沙場, baeksajang, “sandy beach”)
- 산사태 (山沙汰, sansatae, “landslide”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
沙: Hán Nôm readings: sa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Nom Foundation
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville