沖

See also: 冲, 衝, and 盅

沖	U+6C96, 沖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C96

← 沕
[U+6C95]

CJK Unified Ideographs

沗 →
[U+6C97]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

沖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中 (EL), four-corner 3510₆, composition ⿰氵中)

Derived characters

𥁵

Related characters

冲 (Simplified Chinese) - Note: also the simplified form of 衝

References

KangXi: page 611, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17209
Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1565, character 3
Unihan data for U+6C96

Chinese

trad.		沖/冲^*
simp.		冲^*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沖
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
中	tuŋ, tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	tuŋ, tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	tʰuŋ, duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *duŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
Min Nan (POJ): chhèng / chhiong / chhiâng
Wu (Wiktionary): tshon (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chong
  - Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
  - Palladius: чун (čun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhèng
  - Tâi-lô: tshìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhexng
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰeŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tshon (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /ɖɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ruŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*duŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ruŋ/
English	sound of cutting ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
No.	17416
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蟲
Old Chinese	/*duŋ/

Definitions

沖

to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash
我覺得我得回家沖個澡。 [MSC, trad.]
我觉得我得回家冲个澡。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ juéde wǒ děi huíjiā chōng ge zǎo. [Pinyin]
I think I'll go home and have a shower.
許多房屋被洪水沖走了。 [MSC, trad.]
许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 [MSC, simp.]
Xǔduō fángwū bèi hóngshuǐ chōngzǒu le. [Pinyin]
A lot of houses were washed away by the flood.
他用水沖了把臉，然後刷牙。 [MSC, trad.]
他用水冲了把脸，然后刷牙。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā yòng shuǐ chōng le bǎ liǎn, ránhòu shuāyá. [Pinyin]
He splashed water on his face, then brushed his teeth.
沖馬桶／冲马桶 ― chōng mǎtǒng ― to flush the toilet
沖廁所／冲厕所 [Cantonese] ― cung¹ ci³ so² [Jyutping] ― to flush the toilet
to pour boiling water on
沖茶／冲茶 ― chōng chá ― to make tea
給你的咖啡，按你的口味沖的。 [MSC, trad.]
给你的咖啡，按你的口味冲的。 [MSC, simp.]
Gěi nǐ de kāfēi, àn nǐ de kǒuwèi chōng de. [Pinyin]
Here's your coffee, just the way you like it.
to soar; to rise; to shoot up
- 王曰：「此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王曰：“此鸟不飞则已，一飞冲天；不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Wáng yuē: “Cǐ niǎo bù fēi zé yǐ, yī fēi chōng tiān; bù míng zé yǐ, yī míng jīngrén.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
to develop (a film)
沖膠卷／冲胶卷 ― chōng jiāojuǎn ― to develop a film
to offset
沖喜／冲喜 ― chōngxǐ ― to arrange a "warding-off" wedding
(dialectal) flatland in a mountainous area (Classifier: 個／个)
Alternative form of 涌 (chōng, “small river”).

Compounds

Derived terms from 沖

一沖性子／一冲性子
一飛沖天／一飞冲天
六里沖／六里冲 (Liùlǐchōng)
唐沖／唐冲 (Tángchōng)
土壤沖蝕／土壤冲蚀
大水沖溺／大水冲溺
大沖／大冲
太沖／太冲
平易謙沖／平易谦冲
志沖斗牛／志冲斗牛
怒氣沖天／怒气冲天
怒氣沖沖／怒气冲冲
怒氣沖發／怒气冲发
怒沖沖／怒冲冲
怨氣沖天／怨气冲天
撞府沖州／撞府冲州
正沖／正冲 (Zhèngchōng)
氣沖斗牛／气冲斗牛
氣沖沖／气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
氣沖牛斗／气冲牛斗
氣沖霄漢／气冲霄汉
沖人／冲人
沖刷／冲刷 (chōngshuā)
沖剋／冲克
沖印／冲印 (chōngyìn)
沖和／冲和
沖喜／冲喜 (chōngxǐ)
沖壓／冲压 (chōngyā)
沖天／冲天 (chōngtiān)
沖天之怒／冲天之怒
沖天炮／冲天炮
沖帳／冲帐 (chōngzhàng)
沖年／冲年

沖床／冲床 (chōngchuáng)
沖廁／冲厕 (chōngcè)
沖弱／冲弱
沖懷／冲怀
沖撞／冲撞
沖擊／冲击
沖擴／冲扩
沖昧／冲昧
沖服／冲服 (chōngfú)
沖服劑／冲服剂
沖末／冲末
沖模／冲模
沖決／冲决 (chōngjué)
沖沖／冲冲 (chōngchōng)
沖泡／冲泡 (chōngpào)
沖洗／冲洗 (chōngxǐ)
沖流／冲流
沖涼／冲凉 (chōngliáng)
沖淡／冲淡 (chōngdàn)
沖滌／冲涤
沖激／冲激
沖瀉／冲泻
沖犯／冲犯 (chōngfàn)
沖稅／冲税
沖積／冲积 (chōngjī)
沖積層／冲积层
沖積島／冲积岛
沖積平原／冲积平原 (chōngjī píngyuán)
沖積扇／冲积扇 (chōngjīshàn)
沖空機／冲空机
沖茶／冲茶 (chōngchá)
沖虛／冲虚

沖虛真人／冲虚真人
沖虛真經／冲虚真经
沖蝕／冲蚀 (chōngshí)
沖襟／冲襟
沖退／冲退
沖銷／冲销
沖霄／冲霄
沖霄漢外／冲霄汉外
沖默／冲默
沖鼻／冲鼻
沖齡／冲龄 (chōnglíng)
田沖／田冲 (Tiánchōng)
紙坊沖／纸坊冲 (Zhǐfángchōng)
臭氣沖天／臭气冲天
興沖沖／兴冲冲 (xìngchōngchōng)
莊沖／庄冲 (Zhuāngchōng)
蔣家沖／蒋家冲 (Jiǎngjiāchōng)
虛沖／虚冲
袁沖／袁冲 (Yuánchōng)
解家沖／解家冲 (Xièjiāchōng)
許家沖／许家冲 (Xǔjiāchōng)
謙沖／谦冲 (qiānchōng)
謙沖自牧／谦冲自牧 (qiānchōngzìmù)
買進對沖／买进对冲
過沖／过冲
陳家沖／陈家冲 (Chénjiāchōng)
韶山沖／韶山冲 (Sháoshānchōng)
飛必沖天／飞必冲天
驛馬沖／驿马冲 (Yìmǎchōng)
高家沖／高家冲 (Gāojiāchōng)
黃家沖／黄家冲 (Huángjiāchōng)
黑氣沖天／黑气冲天

Japanese

Kanji

沖

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢゆう (dyū, historical)}
Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyū, historical)}
Kun: おき (oki, 沖, Jōyō); ひひる (hihiru, 沖る); ひいる (hīru, 沖る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
沖
おき Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 沖 – see the following entry.

【おき】	[noun] open sea [proper noun] a surname [verb] stem or continuative form of おく (oku) [godan] Alternative spellings 沖, 澳

(This term, 沖, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

沖: Hán Nôm readings: trong, trùng, xung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville