沒食子

Chinese

	sink; have not	eat	seed
trad. (沒食子)	沒	食	子
simp. (没食子)	没	食	子
alternative forms	無食子／无食子墨食子沒石子／没石子無石子／无石子墨石子無食子／无食子墨食子沒石子／没石子無石子／无石子墨石子沒實子／没实子麻茶澤／麻茶泽

Quercus infectoria leaves with galls.

Etymology

Literally “have-not-eat-seed”.

This is a phono-semantic matching from some language in the Western Regions, possibly the Middle Iranian ancestors of Modern Persian ‎ (mâzuj), ‎ (mâzu, “gallnut; gall-apple or oak-apple”).

Compare Hindi माजूफल (mājūphal, “gallnut”) (with फल (phal, “fruit”)), Urdu ماجو‎ (mājū), مازو‎ (māzū), ماجوپهل‎ (mājūphal, “oak gall”), Turkish mazı (“gallnut”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mòshízǐ
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ ㄕˊ ㄗˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mut⁶ sik⁶ zi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mòshízǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ ㄕˊ ㄗˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mòshíhzǐh
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴-shih²-tzŭ³
  - Yale: mwò-shŕ-dž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohshyrtzyy
  - Palladius: мошицзы (mošiczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mut⁶ sik⁶ zi²
  - Yale: muht sihk jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mut⁹ sik⁹ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: mud⁶ xig⁶ ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːt̚² sɪk̚² t͡siː³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /muət̚ ʑɨk̚ t͡sɨ^X/

Rime
Character	沒	食	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	船 (27)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	魂 (56)	蒸 (134)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	III
Fanqie	莫勃切	乗力切	即里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muət̚/	/ʑɨk̚/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/muot̚/	/ʑɨk̚/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/muət̚/	/ʑiek̚/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwət̚/	/ʑik̚/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/muət̚/	/d͡ʑiək̚/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/muət̚/	/d͡ʑĭək̚/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/muət̚/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò	shí	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mut⁶	sik⁶	zi²

Noun

沒食子

(traditional Chinese medicine) Quercus infectoria (Aleppo oak) gall; manjakani; oak gall

Derived terms

沒食子樹／没食子树
沒食子蜂／没食子蜂

沒食子酸／没食子酸 (mòshízǐsuān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沒食子):

→ Japanese: 没(もっ)食(しょく)子(し) (mosshokushi); 没(ぼっ)食(しょく)子(し) (bosshokushi)
→ Korean: 몰식자(沒食子) (molsikja)