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单词 汝
释义

汝

汝 U+6C5D, 汝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C5D
← 汜
[U+6C5C]		CJK Unified Ideographs汞 →
[U+6C5E]

Translingual

Han character

汝 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水女 (EV), four-corner 34140, composition ⿰氵女)

Derived characters

  • 𠲤, 𫺈, 𢬨, 𪰤, 𫃤, 𨀾, 𣽮, 𦭰, 𪡑, 𫺋, 㖳

References

  • KangXi: page 606, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1555, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6C5D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
拿*rnaː
拏*rnaː
詉*rnaː
蒘*rnaː, *na
笯*rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐*rnaː, *na
絮*rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶*rnaːw
怓*rnaːw
帑*n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴*naː
砮*naː, *naːʔ
駑*naː
孥*naː
努*naːʔ
弩*naːʔ
怒*naːʔ, *naːs
袽*na
帤*na
女*naʔ, *nas
籹*naʔ
恕*hnjas
如*nja, *njas
茹*nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳*nja, *njas
鴽*nja
蕠*nja
汝*njaʔ
肗*njaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaʔ) : semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas).

Etymology 1

trad.汝
simp. #汝

Probably related to Proto-Kam-Sui *Ɂnjaᴬ (“river”), whence Southern Kam nyal (“river”), Sui qnyal (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): rǔ (ru3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): ru3
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jyu5
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nei4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni1
  • Min Bei (KCR): nṳ̌
  • Min Dong (BUC): nṳ̄
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lú / lír / jí / ní / jú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): re2 / ru2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3); lu (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): y3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: rǔ
      • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: rǔ
      • Wade–Giles: ju3
      • Yale: rǔ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruu
      • Palladius: жу (žu)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʐu²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: ru3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /zu⁵³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jyu5
      • Yale: yúh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jy5
      • Guangdong Romanization: yu5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jyː¹³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: nei4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdei²¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nî
      • Hakka Romanization System: ni´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ni1
      • Sinological IPA: /ni²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ni1
      • Sinological IPA: /ni⁴⁴/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nṳ̌
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ny²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: nṳ̄
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nˡy³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
      • Tâi-lô: lú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: luo
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
      • Tâi-lô: lír
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
      • Tâi-lô: jí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jie
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
      • Tâi-lô: ní
      • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
      • Tâi-lô: jú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: juo
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: re2 / ru2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ́ / jú
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zɯ⁵²/, /d͡zu⁵²/
Note: ru2 - Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zr (T3); lu (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥z̩²³/, /lv̩ʷ²³/
Note:
  • 3zr - vernacular;
  • 3lu - literary.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: y3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /ȵɨʌX/
Rime
Character汝
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)日 (38)
Final (韻)魚 (22)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie人渚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ȵɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun		/ȵiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȵʑiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ȵɨə̆X/
Li
Rong		/ȵiɔX/
Wang
Li		/ȵʑĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȵʑi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		rǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jyu5
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character汝
Reading #1/1
No.9628
Phonetic
component		女
Rime
group		魚
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		汝
Old
Chinese		/*njaʔ/

Definitions

汝

  1. (～水, ～河) Ru River, a northern tributary of the Huai River in modern-day southern Henan province. The name also refers to the Hong River in its lower reaches, which now shares a common course with the Ru, as well as a southern tributary of the Hong.
  2. a surname

Compounds

  • 汝水
  • 汝南
  • 汝州
  • 汝南月旦
  • 汝墳
  • 汝窯

Etymology 2

trad.汝
simp. #汝
alternative forms女
你 coastal Min (colloquial)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”). Cognate with 你 (nǐ) and 爾／尔 (ěr).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): rǔ (ru3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): ru3
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jyu5
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nei4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni1
  • Min Bei (KCR): nṳ̌
  • Min Dong (BUC): nṳ̄
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lí / lír / lú / jú / jí / ní
    (Teochew, Peng'im): le2 / lu2 / re2 / ru2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3); lu (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): y3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: rǔ
      • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: rǔ
      • Wade–Giles: ju3
      • Yale: rǔ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruu
      • Palladius: жу (žu)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʐu²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: ru3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /zu⁵³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jyu5
      • Yale: yúh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jy5
      • Guangdong Romanization: yu5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jyː¹³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: nei4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdei²¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nî
      • Hakka Romanization System: ni´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ni1
      • Sinological IPA: /ni²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ni1
      • Sinological IPA: /ni⁴⁴/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nṳ̌
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ny²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: nṳ̄
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nˡy³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
      • Tâi-lô: lí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: lie
      • IPA (Philippines): /li⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /li⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
      • IPA (Singapore): /li⁴²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
      • Tâi-lô: lír
      • IPA (Tong'an): /lɯ³¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kinmen): /lɯ⁵³/
      • IPA (Singapore): /lɯ⁴²/
      • IPA (Lukang): /lɨ⁵⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Singapore, Penang, Medan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
      • Tâi-lô: lú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: luo
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³/
      • IPA (Penang): /lu⁴⁴⁵/
      • IPA (Singapore): /lu⁴²/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
      • Tâi-lô: jú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: juo
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
      • Tâi-lô: jí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jie
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
      • Tâi-lô: ní
      • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ⁵³/
Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • lí - vernacular;
    • lú - literary.
  • Zhangzhou:
    • lí - vernacular;
    • jí/ní - literary.
  • mainstream Taiwan:
    • lí - vernacular;
    • jú/lú - literary.
  • Singapore:
    • lír/lí - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: le2 / lu2 / re2 / ru2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lṳ́ / lú / jṳ́ / jú
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɯ⁵²/, /lu⁵²/, /d͡zɯ⁵²/, /d͡zu⁵²/
Note:
  • le2/lu2 - vernacular (lu2 - Chaoyang);
  • re2/ru2 - literary (ru2 - Chaoyang).
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zr (T3); lu (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥z̩²³/, /lv̩ʷ²³/
Note:
  • 3zr - vernacular;
  • 3lu - literary.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: y3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /ȵɨʌX/
Rime
Character汝
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)日 (38)
Final (韻)魚 (22)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie人渚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ȵɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun		/ȵiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȵʑiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ȵɨə̆X/
Li
Rong		/ȵiɔX/
Wang
Li		/ȵʑĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȵʑi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		rǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jyu5
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*naʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character汝
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		rǔ
Middle
Chinese		‹ nyoX ›
Old
Chinese		/*naʔ/
Englishyou (sg.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character汝
Reading #1/1
No.9628
Phonetic
component		女
Rime
group		魚
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		汝
Old
Chinese		/*njaʔ/

Definitions

汝

  1. (literary or coastal Min) thou, you (second-person pronoun)
    • 子貢問曰：「賜也何如？」子曰：「女器也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      子贡问曰：“赐也何如？”子曰：“女器也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Cì yě hérú?” Zǐ yuē: “Rǔ qì yě.” [Pinyin]
      Zigong asked, "What do you say of Ci [Zigong's given name]?" The Master said, "You are a utensil."
    • 子曰：「居！吾語汝。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      子曰：“居！吾语汝。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
      Zǐ yuē: “Jū! Wú yǔ rǔ.” [Pinyin]
      The Master said, "Sit down, and I will tell you."
    • 王欲相汝，汝何不受乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
      Wáng yù xiàng rǔ, rǔ hé bú shòu hū? [Pinyin]
      The king wishes to appoint you as the prime minister; why do you not accept it?
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端
MandarinBeijing你, 您 †, 您老人家 †
Taiwan你, 您 †
Tianjin你, 你了 †
Chengde你, 您老人家 †
Tangshan你, 你老 †
Cangzhou你, 你老 †
Baoding你, 你老 †
Shijiazhuang你, 你家 †
Ulanhot你
Tongliao你
Chifeng你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Bayanhot你, 您 †
Hulunbuir (Hailar)你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Heihe你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Qiqihar你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Harbin你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Jiamusi你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Baicheng你, 你老 †, 你老人家 †
Changchun你, 你老 †
Tonghua你, 你老 †
Shenyang你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Dandong你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Jinzhou你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Dalian你, 你老 †
Yantai你
Yantai (Muping)你
Qingdao你
Lijin你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Weifang (Weicheng)你
Weifang (Fangzi)你
Weifang (Hanting)你
Changyi你
Gaomi你, 恁
Zhucheng你, 恁
Anqiu你
Changle你
Linqu你, 恁
Qingzhou你
Shouguang你
Wulian你
Jinan你, 你老人家 †
Luoyang你
Wanrong你
Shangqiu你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Yuanyang你, 你老 †
Zhengzhou你, 你老人家 †
Lingbao你
Xinyang你, 你老人家 †
Baihe你, 你老兒 †
Hanzhong你
Xi'an你, 你老人家 †
Dingbian你
Baoji你, 你老人家 †
Yinchuan你, 你老人家 †
Tianshui你, 你老人家 †
Lanzhou你
Xining你, 喬, 你老人家 †
Hami你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Ürümqi你, 你老人家 †
Yanqi你
Wuhan你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Yichang你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 †
Xiangyang你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Tianmen你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 †
Hong'an你, 你老人家 †
Chengdu你, 你老人家 †
Nanchong你, 你老人家 †
Dazhou你, 你老人家 †
Hanyuan你, 你老人家 †
Xichang你, 你老 †
Zigong你, 你老人家 †
Chongqing你, 你老人家 †
Guiyang你, 你老人家 †
Zunyi你, 你老人家 †
Bijie你
Liping你, 您 †
Zhaotong你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Dali你, 你家 †
Kunming你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Mengzi你, 你老人家 †
Guilin你, 你老人家 †
Liuzhou你, 你老人家 †
Nanning (Xiakuojie)你
Nanning (Fujian)你
Nanning (Wuming)你
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)你
Binyang (Nanjie)你
Qinzhou (Longmengang)你
Jishou你
Changde你, 你家 †
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)你
Anqing你, 你老人家 †
Xuzhou恁, 你, 你老人家 †
Pizhou恁, 你
Ganyu你
Fuyang你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Wuhu你, 你老人家 †
Yangzhou你, 你老人家 †
Baoying你
Lianyungang你, 你老人家 †
Donghai你
Huai'an (Huaiyin)你, 您兒 †
Lianshui你
Xuyi你
Xinghua你
Nanjing你, 你老人家 †
Hefei你, 你老人家 †
Nantong你, 你老人家 †
Rugao你
Yancheng你
Funing你
Sihong你
Taizhou你
Zhenjiang你
Changle (Qinjiang)你
Malaysia你, 您 †
Singapore你, 您 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)你
Dagudi (Maliba)你
Reshuitang (Longling)你
Mae Salong (Lancang)你
Mae Sai (Tengchong)你
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)你
CantoneseGuangzhou你
Hong Kong你
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)你
Macau你
Guangzhou (Panyu)你
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)你
Guangzhou (Conghua)你
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)你
Foshan你
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)你
Foshan (Shunde)你
Foshan (Sanshui)你
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)你
Zhongshan (Shiqi)你
Zhuhai (Qianshan)你
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)你
Zhuhai (Doumen)你
Jiangmen (Baisha)你
Jiangmen (Xinhui)你
Taishan你
Kaiping (Chikan)你
Enping (Niujiang)你
Heshan (Yayao)你
Dongguan你
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)你
Qingyuan你
Fogang你
Yingde (Hanguang)你
Yangshan你
Lianshan (Butian)你
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)你
Shaoguan你
Shaoguan (Qujiang)你
Renhua你
Lechang你
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)你
Sihui你
Guangning你
Deqing你
Huaiji你
Fengkai (Nanfeng)你
Yunfu你
Xinxing你
Luoding你
Yunan (Pingtai)你
Yangjiang你
Xinyi你
Lianjiang你
Nanning你
Baise你
Qinzhou你
Beihai你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)你
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)你
Danzhou你
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)你
Penang (Guangfu)你
Singapore (Guangfu)你
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)你
Móng Cái你
GanNanchang爾, 恁
Nanchang (Wangcheng)恁
Anyi爾仂
Lushan爾
Pengze爾
Duchang爾, 爾儂
Wuning (Quankou)恁
Poyang你
Yugan你, 你郎
Wannian你
Hengfeng爾, 爾仂
Yanshan爾, 爾仂
Leping你
Yichun你
Yifeng爾
Gao'an爾
Fengxin你
Shanggao爾
Wanzai爾
Fengcheng你
Xinyu你
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)你
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)爾仂
Nancheng恁
Nanfeng你仂, 你
Yihuang恁
Lichuan汝
Chongren爾
Pingxiang恨, 你
Lianhua你
Ji'an你
Yongfeng恁
Taihe你
Xiajiang你
Yongxin你
Yingtan (Yujiang)爾
Guixi爾, 爾仂
Jianning你
Jinxian恁, 爾
Jinxi恁
Le'an你
Guangchang你
Anfu你
Suichuan你
Wan'an你
Jing'an爾
Zhangshu你
Xingan你
Fenyi你
HakkaMeixian你
Xingning你
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)你
Huiyang你
Huidong (Daling)你
Dongguan (Qingxi)你
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)你
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)你
Wuhua (Huacheng)你
Heyuan (Bendihua)你
Nanxiong (Zhuji)你
Shaoguan (Qujiang)你
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)你
Liannan你
Conghua (Lütian)你
Jiexi你
Changting你
Shanghang汝
Yongding汝
Wuping你
Wuping (Pingyu)你
Liancheng你
Ninghua你
Qingliu你
Yudu你
Ningdu恁
Ruijin你
Shicheng你
Shangyou (Shexi)你
Dayu你
Dingnan你
Longnan你
Xunwu爾
Huichang恨, 爾
Nankang你
Chongyi你
Xingguo你
Miaoli (N. Sixian)你
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)你
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)你
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)你
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)你
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)你
Hong Kong你
Luchuan你
Bobai (Shahe)你
Bobai (Longtan)你
Bobai (Lingping)你
Bobai (Lingjiao)你
Sabah (Longchuan)你
Senai (Huiyang)你
Kuching (Hepo)你
Singkawang你
Bangkok (Meixian)你
HuizhouJixi爾, 爾仂
Shexian爾, 你, 你老人家 †
Tunxi爾, 爾仂
Wuyuan爾
Fuliang爾
Dexing爾
Chun'an (Qiandaohu)爾
Jiande (Meicheng)爾
Jiande (Shouchang)曾, 曾儂
JinTaiyuan你, 你家 †
Yangyuan你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Datong你, 您兒 †
Xinzhou你, 你吶 †
Lishi你, 你老兒家 †
Linfen你
Changzhi你
Taibus (Baochang)你, 您 †
Linhe你, 您 †, 你老兒家 †
Jining你, 您 †, 你家 †
Hohhot你, 您 †, 您老兒家 †
Baotou你, 您 †
Dongsheng你, 您 †
Haibowan你, 您 †
Erenhot你, 您兒 †
Pingshan你
Zhangjiakou你, 您 †, 你老 †
Handan你, 你老人家 †
Linzhou你
Suide你
Min BeiJian'ou你
Jian'ou (Dikou)你
Songxi你
Zhenghe你
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)汝
Jianyang你
Wuyishan你
Pucheng (Shibei)你
Min DongFuzhou汝
Changle汝
Lianjiang汝
Fuqing汝
Pingtan汝
Yongtai汝
Minqing汝
Gutian汝
Pingnan汝
Luoyuan汝
Fu'an汝
Ningde汝
Xiapu汝
Zherong汝
Shouning汝
Zhouning汝
Fuding汝
Matsu汝
Taishun爾
Cangnan爾
Singapore (Fuqing)汝
Manjung (Gutian)汝
Min NanXiamen汝
Xiamen (Tong'an)汝
Quanzhou汝
Jinjiang汝
Nan'an汝
Shishi汝
Hui'an汝
Anxi汝
Yongchun汝
Dehua汝
Zhangzhou汝
Zhangzhou (Longhai)汝
Zhangzhou (Changtai)汝
Hua'an汝
Nanjing汝
Pinghe汝
Zhangpu汝
Yunxiao汝
Zhao'an汝
Dongshan汝
Taipei汝
New Taipei (Sanxia)汝
Kaohsiung汝
Kaohsiung (Cijin)汝
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)汝
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)汝
Yilan汝
Changhua (Lukang)汝
Taichung汝
Taichung (Wuqi)汝
Tainan汝
Taitung汝
Hsinchu汝
Kinmen汝
Penghu (Magong)汝
Penang (Hokkien)汝
Singapore (Hokkien)汝
Manila (Hokkien)汝
Medan (Hokkien)汝
Longyan汝
Zhangping汝
Datian汝
Guilin (Biyange)汝
Chaozhou汝
Shantou汝
Shantou (Chaoyang)汝
Jieyang汝
Haifeng汝
Johor Bahru (Teochew)汝
Singapore (Teochew)汝
Pontianak (Teochew)汝
Leizhou汝
Wenchang汝
Haikou汝
Singapore (Hainanese)汝
Puxian MinPutian汝
Xianyou汝
Min ZhongYong'an你
Sanyuan你
Shaxian你
Yanping (Wangtai)你
Shaojiang MinShaowu𫣴
Guangze𫣴
Mingxi你
Shunchang你
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)汝
Sanxiang汝
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)你
ShehuaFu'an你
Fuding你
Luoyuan你
Sanming你
Shunchang你
Hua'an你
Guixi (Zhangping)你
Cangnan你
Jingning你
Lishui你
Longyou你
Chaozhou你
Fengshun你
WaxiangGuzhang (Gaofeng)你
WuShanghai儂
Shanghai (Chongming)爾
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)儂
Shanghai (Jiading)儂, 甚, 恆儂
Shanghai (Songjiang)是奴
Suzhou倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)㑚
Wuxi你
Changshu儂
Kunshan能
Haimen你
Jiaxing你
Jiashan你
Pinghu爾儂
Haining (Yanguan)儂, 你
Tongxiang儂
Haiyan你
Changzhou你
Danyang爾
Gaochun你
Huzhou是爾
Changxing是爾
Anji爾
Deqing爾
Hangzhou你
Hangzhou (Yuhang)儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Lin'an)儂, 是儂
Hangzhou (Fuyang)儂, 你, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)爾
Tonglu你, 是你
Shaoxing諾
Zhuji你
Shengzhou儂
Xinchang爾, 奶
Ningbo諾, 爾, 爾諾
Zhenhai諾
Fenghua儂, 爾
Yuyao儂
Cixi儂
Xiangshan爾, 像爾
Ninghai爾, 爾儂
Zhoushan儂
Huangyan爾
Tiantai爾
Xianju爾
Sanmen爾
Linhai爾
Wenling爾
Wenzhou你
Yueqing你
Yongjia (Fenglin)你
Pingyang你
Taishun你
Wencheng你
Lishui你
Qingtian你
Jinyun你, 定你
Wuyi (Liucheng)爾
Songyang (Xiping)你
Yunhe你
Jingning你
Qingyuan你
Longquan你
Quzhou你
Suichang你
Jiangshan你
Changshan爾
Kaihua你
Longyou你, 你儂
Jinhua儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)爾, 爾儂
Yiwu儂
Yongkang爾
Pujiang爾
Dongyang爾
Wuyi儂
Lanxi爾, 爾儂
Shangrao爾儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)爾
Yushan恁
XiangChangsha你
Xiangtan你
Loudi你
Shuangfeng你
Note†: honorific

Compounds

  • 汝輩
  • 汝曹
  • 汝儂
  • 爾汝
  • 爾汝之交
  • 笑罵從汝
  • 汝好

Descendants

  • → Burmese: လု (lu.)
  • → Thai: ลื้อ (lʉ́ʉ)
  • → Indonesian: lu, lo, elu

Japanese

Kanji

汝

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

  • Go-on: にょ (nyo)
  • Kan-on: じょ (jo)
  • Kun: なんじ (nanji, 汝)←なんぢ (nandi, historical); なれ (nare, 汝); いまし (imashi, 汝); うぬ (unu, 汝)
  • Nanori: な (na)

Compounds

  • 汝(じょ)南(なん) (Jonan)
  • 汝(じょ)窯(よう) (Joyō)
  • 爾(じ)汝(じょ) (jijo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
汝
なんじ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
爾

/na mut͡ɕi/ → /namʉd͡ʑi/ → /nand͡ʑi/

Originally a compound of 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) +‎ 貴 (muchi, “noble”).[1][2]

Also written as なむぢ (namuji) in older texts, since the namuchi, namuji, and nanji readings likely existed in free variation until the development of the ん (n) grapheme.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) な​んじ [náꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • (Tokyo) なんじ [nàńjí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [nã̠n(d͡)ʑi]

Pronoun

汝(なんじ) • (nanji) ←なんぢ (nandi)?

  1. (archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Derived terms
  • 汝奴(なんめ) (nanme)
  • 今(いま)汝(なんじ)は画(かぎ)れり (ima nanji wa kagireri)
  • 大(おお)汝(なんじ)小(こ)汝(なんじ) (Ōnanji Konanji)
Idioms
  • 艱(かん)難(なん)汝(なんじ)を玉(たま)にす (kannan nanji o tama ni su)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 汝(なんじ)自(じ)身(しん)を知(し)れ (nanji jishin o shire)
  • 汝(なんじ)の敵(てき)を愛(あい)せよ (nanji no teki o aiseyo)
  • 汝(なんじ)自(みずか)らを知(し)れ (nanji mizukara o shire)
  • 弱(よわ)き者(もの)よ汝(なんじ)の名(な)は女(おんな)なり (yowakimono yo nanji no na wa onna nari)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
汝
なれ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Derived from 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

Pronoun

汝(なれ) • (nare) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
汝
な
Jinmeiyō
irregular
Alternative spelling
己

From Old Japanese.

Possibly cognate with second-person singular informal pronoun Korean 너 (neo).

Pronoun

汝(な) • (na) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Derived terms
  • 汝(なれ) (nare)
  • 汝(なんじ) (nanji)
  • 汝等(なむだち) (namudachi)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
汝
うぬ
Jinmeiyō
irregular
Alternative spelling
己

Sound shift from reflexive pronoun 己 (ono), Old Japanese 己 (ono2).[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) うぬ [ùnú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • (Tokyo) う​ぬ [úꜜnù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝnɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun

汝(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. (vulgar) second-person pronoun: you
  2. (derogatory) first- or third-person reflexive pronoun: me, myself, himself, herself, itself, oneself
    Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
Derived terms
  • 汝(うぬ)等(ら) (unura)
  • うなうな (unauna)

Interjection

汝(うぬ) • (unu) 

  1. (vulgar) used as an insult to the second person: you!
    Synonym: 己 (onore)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
汝
しゃ
Jinmeiyō
irregular

⟨si⟩ → /ɕi/ → /ɕa/

Shift from Old Japanese 汝 (si) of the same meaning.

Pronoun

汝(しゃ) • (sha) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
汝
いまし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”, honorific).[1]

Possibly also analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i-, a rare Old Japanese second person singular pronoun) +‎ 坐 (mashi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す masu, “to be”).

Pronoun

汝(いまし) • (imashi) 

  1. (honorific, archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou

See also

Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person)		na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person)		k-
“this”
(close to speaker)		s-
“that”
(close to listener)		a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both)		i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative)		ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Personあ (a)
あれ (are)
わ (wa)
われ (ware)
まろ (maro)		な (na)
なれ (nare)
なんぢ (nanji)
まし (mashi)
いまし (imashi)
みまし (mimashi)
きみ (kimi)		こ (ko)
これ (kore)		そ (so)
それ (sore)		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare)		た (ta)
たれ (tare)
なにがし (nanigashi)		おの (ono)
おのれ (onore)
Thingこ (ko)
これ (kore)		そ (so)
それ (sore)		あ (a)
あれ (are)
か (ka)
かれ (kare)		いづれ (izure)
なに (nani)
Locationここ (koko)そこ (soko)あしこ (ashiko)
かしこ (kashiko)		いづく (izuku)
いづこ (izuko)
いどこ (idoko)
どこ (doko)
Directionこち (kochi)
こなた (konata)		そち (sochi)
そなた (sonata)		あち (achi)
あなた (anata)
かなた (kanata)		いづち (izuchi)
いづら (izura)
いづかた (izukata)
Mannerか (ka)
かく (kaku)
かくて (kakute)
かう (kō)		さ (sa)
さて (sate)
しか (shika)		いか (ika)
Timeいつ (itsu)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

汝 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)

  1. you
  2. the name of water, river[1]
  3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. (please provide the title of the work)‎, accessed 15 May 2020, archived from the original on 2021-04-09

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Originally a first person pronoun. Later became a second person pronoun, as is often seen in Japanese. Compare Old Korean Korean na. Also found in some instances as a self-reference, one, oneself. This sense is more commonly spelled 己 when used in isolation[1].

Pronoun

汝 (na) (kana な)

  1. first-person singular pronoun: I, me
  2. third-person reflexive pronoun: one, oneself, itself
  3. second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 汝 (nare)
  • 汝弟 (naoto2)
  • 汝兄 (nase)
  • 汝妹 (nanimo1)
  • 汝ね (nane)
  • 汝姉 (nane)
  • 汝人 (nabi1to2)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 汝 (na)
See also
  • 劍太刀 (turugi1-tati, pillow word that can allude to na)

Etymology 2

From 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 1 above) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

Pronoun

汝 (nare) (kana なれ)

  1. second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Descendants
  • Japanese: 汝 (nare)

Etymology 3

Cognate with 其 (si, third-person pronoun) and 己 (si, reflexive pronoun). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronoun

汝 (si) (kana し)

  1. second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Descendants
  • Japanese: 汝 (sha)

Etymology 4

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”).

Alternatively, analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 6 below) +‎ 坐し (masi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す (masu), “to be”).

Pronoun

汝 (imasi) (kana いまし)

  1. (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Usage notes

More honorific than masi (see Etymology 5 below), but less honorific than mi1masi (see Etymology 6 below).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Descendants
  • Japanese: 汝 (imashi)

Etymology 5

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of honorific verb 坐す (masu, “to be”).[1]

Alternatively, a shortening of imasi (see Etymology 3 above).[1][2]

Pronoun

汝 (masi) (kana まし)

  1. (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Usage notes

Less honorific than both imasi (see Etymology 4 above) and mi1masi (see Etymology 6 below).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Etymology 6

Compound of 御 (mi1-, honorific prefix) +‎ 汝 (masi, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 4 above).[1]

Pronoun

汝 (mi1masi) (kana みまし)

  1. (honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Usage notes

More honorific than both imasi (see Etymology 4 above) and masi (see Etymology 5 above).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

Etymology 7

Possibly a borrowing from Old Korean, compare modern Korean 이 (i, “this person”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronoun

汝 (i) (kana い)

  1. (rare, possibly derogatory) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:汝.

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

汝: Hán Nôm readings: nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, nhữ, dử, nhừ, nở

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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