氣
See also: 气, 気, and 炁
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Translingual
| Traditional | 氣 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 気 |
| Simplified | 气 |
Han character
氣 (Kangxi radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)
Derived characters
- 㑶 𠺪 愾 滊 暣 熂 犔 𣱬 鎎 靝 餼 霼 𥧔
References
- KangXi: page 599, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
- Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6C23
Chinese
| trad. | 氣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 气* | |
| alternative forms | 气 炁 𣱛 𣱖 𤽍 气 炁 𣱛 𣱖 𤽍 気 𣅠 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 氣 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 愾 | *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds |
| 忾 | *qʰrɯl |
| 刏 | *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls |
| 汽 | *kʰɯds |
| 氣 | *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds |
| 气 | *kʰɯds |
| 忥 | *qʰɯds |
| 餼 | *qʰɯds |
| 鎎 | *qʰɯds |
| 熂 | *qʰɯds |
| 霼 | *qʰɯds |
| 犔 | *qʰɯds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.
Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
氣
- air; gas
- 天然氣／天然气 ― tiānránqì ― natural gas
- 出去透透氣！／出去透透气！ ― Chūqù tòu tòuqì! ― Go out to breathe fresh air!
- 輪胎漏氣了。／轮胎漏气了。 ― Lúntāi lòu qì le. ― The tire is leaking gas.
- breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c)
- 喘不過氣來／喘不过气来 ― chuǎnbùguòqì lái ― to be out of breath
- 我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
- I will fight to my last breath.
我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
- (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
- 元氣／元气 ― yuánqì ― vital energy
- 氣虛／气虚 ― qì xū ― to be deficient in vital energy
- weather
- 天氣／天气 ― tiānqì ― weather
- 氣候／气候 ― qìhòu ― climate
- smell; odour
- 氣味／气味 ― qìwèi ― smell
- 滿身酒氣／满身酒气 ― mǎnshēn jiǔ qì ― to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
- anger
- 生氣／生气 ― shēngqì ― to get angry
- 消消氣／消消气 ― xiāo xiāoqì ― to calm down
- to be angry
- 我很氣。／我很气。 ― Wǒ hěn qì. ― I'm very angry.
- 氣哭了／气哭了 ― qì kū le ― to cry because one was so mad
- to make angry; to annoy
- 別氣我！／别气我！ ― Bié qì wǒ! ― Don't annoy me!
- quality; character; spirit; mettle
- 有男人氣／有男人气 ― yǒu nánrén qì ― to be manly
- 書生氣／书生气 ― shūshēng qì ― bookishness
- vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
- 氣概／气概 ― qìgài ― mettle; lofty quality
- 一鼓作氣／一鼓作气 ― yīgǔzuòqì ― to accomplish in one vigorous effort
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 生氣 (“to be angry”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 怒 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 生氣 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 生氣 |
| Taiwan | 生氣 | |
| Harbin | 生氣 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 生氣, 發氣, 發火兒, 惱火, 發毛, 毛火 | |
| Jinan | 生氣 | |
| Luoyang | 生氣 | |
| Xi'an | 生氣, 著氣 | |
| Xining | 生氣 | |
| Ürümqi | 生氣, 著氣 | |
| Wuhan | 慪氣, 慪, 起氣, 氣, 發氣 | |
| Chengdu | 慪氣, 慪, 生氣, 發氣 | |
| Guiyang | 生氣, 發氣 | |
| Yangzhou | 著氣, 見氣 | |
| Nanjing | 生氣 | |
| Hefei | 生氣 | |
| Singapore | 生氣 | |
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 生氣 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣 |
| Hong Kong | 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 怒氣, 發火, 谷氣 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 谷氣 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 惱 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 谷氣 | |
| Macau | 嬲 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 嬲 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 嬲 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 嬲 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 嬲 | |
| Foshan | 嬲 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 嬲 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 嬲 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 發嬲 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 發嬲 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 嬲 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 嬲 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 嬲 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 嬲 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 嬲 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 嬲 | |
| Taishan | 嬲 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 嬲 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 嬲 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 嬲 | |
| Dongguan | 谷氣 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 嬲 | |
| Shaoguan | 嬲 | |
| Yunfu | 嬲 | |
| Yangjiang | 激氣 | |
| Xinyi | 嬲 | |
| Lianjiang | 嬲 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 撞火 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 嬲 | |
| Yangon (Taishan) | 嬲 | |
| Mandalay (Taishan) | 發氣 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 著氣 |
| Lichuan | 發氣, 著氣 | |
| Pingxiang | 見氣, 發氣 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 激氣, 閼, 發譴 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 嬲 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 閼 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 嬲 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 嬲 | |
| Wengyuan | 閼 | |
| Liannan | 發性 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 發嬲 | |
| Jiexi | 閼 | |
| Changting | 氣 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 惱, 發火 | |
| Ninghua | 生氣 | |
| Yudu | 發氣 | |
| Ningdu | 氣 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 著氣 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 著急 | |
| Dayu | 發火 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 譴, 發譴, 受氣 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 氣, 發性, 受氣 | |
| Hong Kong | 發火 | |
| Luchuan | 火起 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 嬲 | |
| Singapore (Dabu) | 生氣 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 發響, 見氣 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 生氣 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 燒色, 急 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 受氣 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 受氣, 起歹面 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 受氣 | |
| Zhao'an | 生氣 | |
| Taipei | 受氣 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 受氣 | |
| Kaohsiung | 受氣 | |
| Yilan | 受氣 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 受氣, 惱氣 | |
| Taichung | 受氣 | |
| Tainan | 受氣 | |
| Hsinchu | 受氣 | |
| Kinmen | 受氣 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 受氣 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 起癀 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 受氣 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 受氣 | |
| Chaozhou | 生氣, 氣 | |
| Shantou | 生氣 | |
| Jieyang | 生氣 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 生氣 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 生氣, 氣 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 生氣, 見氣 |
| Suzhou | 動氣, 氣 | |
| Danyang | 生氣, 見氣 | |
| Wenzhou | 生氣, 氣, 急 | |
| Jinhua | 生氣, 見氣 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 發氣, 見氣, 發脾氣 |
| Shuangfeng | 發氣 | |
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (氣):
- → Japanese: 気 (ki)
- → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
- → Vietnamese: khí (氣)
- → English: chi, qi, ki
- → Finnish: ki
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
氣
- † Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 氣
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References
- “氣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Shinjitai | 気 |
Kyūjitai | 氣 |
Kanji
氣
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)
Readings
- Go-on: け (ke)
- Kan-on: き (ki)
- Kun: いき (iki, 氣)
Usage notes
Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 氣 (MC kʰɨiH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 킝〮 (Yale: khúy) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún) | ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ki]
- Phonetic hangul: [기]
Hanja
Wikisource氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))
- Hanja form? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”). [noun]
Compounds
Compounds
- 감기 (感氣, gamgi)
- 경기 (景氣, gyeonggi)
- 공기 (空氣, gonggi)
- 기력 (氣力, giryeok)
- 기류 (氣流, giryu)
- 기백 (氣魄, gibaek)
- 기분 (氣分, gibun)
- 기상 (氣象, gisang)
- 기세 (氣勢, gise)
- 기승 (氣勝, giseung)
- 기압 (氣壓, giap)
- 기온 (氣溫, gion)
- 기운 (氣運, giun)
- 기체 (氣體, giche)
- 기후 (氣候, gihu)
- 대기 (大氣, daegi)
- 분위기 (雰圍氣, bunwigi)
- 생기 (生氣, saenggi)
- 수증기 (水蒸氣, sujeunggi)
- 연기 (煙氣, yeon'gi)
- 오기 (傲氣, ogi)
- 일기 (日氣, ilgi)
- 자기 (磁氣, jagi)
- 전기 (電氣, jeon'gi)
- 절기 (節氣, jeolgi)
- 증기 (蒸氣, jeunggi)
- 토기 (吐氣, togi)
- 향기 (香氣, hyanggi)
- 혈기 (血氣, hyeolgi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
氣: Hán Nôm readings: khí
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