気付く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
気	付
き Grade: 1	つ > づ Grade: 4
kan’on	kun’yomi

Alternative forms

気づく

Etymology

Compound of 気 (ki, “awareness”) +‎ 付く (tsuku, “to stick, to attach, to turn on”).[1][2][3][4] The tsuku changes to zuku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) きづく [kìzúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
- IPA^(key): [kʲizɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

気付く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana きづく, rōmaji kizuku)

to become aware, to notice
それについて気 (き)付 (づ)かなかった。
Sore ni tsuite kizukanakatta.
I was not aware of that. → I did not notice that.
危 (き)険 (けん)に気 (き)付 (づ)く
kiken ni kizuku
to become aware of a danger → to notice a danger
to be revived, to come back to one's senses
気絶 (きぜつ)していた人 (ひと)が気 (き)付 (づ)いた。
Kizetsu shiteita hito ga kizuita.
The person who had passed out regained consciousness.

Usage notes

Although the English gloss to notice is transitive, note that 気付く (kizuku) is intransitive. The verb can take an indirect object, marked with the particle に (ni), as in the examples above.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "気付く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	気付か	きづか	kizuka
Continuative (連用形)	気付き	きづき	kizuki
Terminal (終止形)	気付く	きづく	kizuku
Attributive (連体形)	気付く	きづく	kizuku
Hypothetical (仮定形)	気付け	きづけ	kizuke
Imperative (命令形)	気付け	きづけ	kizuke
Key constructions
Passive	気付かれる	きづかれる	kizukareru
Causative	気付かせる気付かす	きづかせるきづかす	kizukaseru kizukasu
Potential	気付ける	きづける	kizukeru
Volitional	気付こう	きづこう	kizukō
Negative	気付かない	きづかない	kizukanai
Negative continuative	気付かず	きづかず	kizukazu
Formal	気付きます	きづきます	kizukimasu
Perfective	気付いた	きづいた	kizuita
Conjunctive	気付いて	きづいて	kizuite
Hypothetical conditional	気付けば	きづけば	kizukeba

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN