殼

See also: 壳 and 殻

殼	U+6BBC, 殼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BBC

← 殻
[U+6BBB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

殽 →
[U+6BBD]

Translingual

Traditional	殼
Shinjitai	殻
Simplified	壳

Han character

殼 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土弓竹弓水 (GNHNE), four-corner 4724₇, composition ⿰壳殳 or ⿰⿱⿳士冖一几殳)

Derived characters

𢡱, 𪆪

Related characters

殻 (Variant form used in Japan, see also its derived characters)

Descendants

壳 (Simplified Chinese)

References

KangXi: page 586, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16646

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2160, character 7

Unihan data for U+6BBC

Chinese

trad.		殼
simp.		壳^*
alternative forms		殻㱿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (殻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
彀	*koːɡs
鷇	*kʰoːɡs
瞉	*kʰoːɡs
豰	pɢroːɡ, qʰoːɡ
瑴	kroːɡ, koːɡ
愨	*kʰroːɡ
殼	*kʰroːɡ
觳	kʰroːɡ, ɡoːɡ
嗀	qʰroːɡ, qʰoːɡ
穀	*kloːɡ
糓	*kloːɡ
轂	*kloːɡ
榖	*kloːɡ
瀔	*koːɡ
縠	*ɡloːɡ

Pictogram (象形) : a hand with a weapon-like object (殳) - presumably a mallet - preparing to strike a hanging percussion instrument (壳).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ké, qiào, què (ke², qiao⁴, que⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˊ, ㄑㄧㄠˋ, ㄑㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hok³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hok
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khak / khok
(Teochew, Peng'im): kag⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): khoq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ko⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ké
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ké
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo²
  - Yale: ké
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker
  - Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (殼兒／壳儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kér
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kér
  - Wade–Giles: kʻêrh²
  - Yale: kér
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker'l
  - Palladius: кэр (kɛr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤɻ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiao⁴
  - Yale: chyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
  - Palladius: цяо (cjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: què
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh⁴
  - Yale: chywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵¹/

Note:

ké - colloquial;
qiào - literary;
què - literary (rare in Mainland).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hok³
  - Yale: hok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hok
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /hok̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak / khok
  - Tâi-lô: khak / khok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qag, qog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/, /kʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/, /kʰɔk̚³²/

Note: khak - vernacular, khok - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰak̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: khoq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ko⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 殼
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰɤ³⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kʰɤ²⁴/ /t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kʰɤ⁴⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵³/
	Jinan	/kʰə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰə⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰɤ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰɤ²¹/
	Xining	/kʰu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰə⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɤ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kʰo³¹/
	Guiyang	/kʰo²¹/
	Kunming	/kʰo³¹/
	Nanjing	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰaʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/kʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɔʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰo⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰo²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰo²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hok̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/hɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰɔyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰu²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰˠʌk̚/

Rime
Character	殼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤrok/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁrok/
English	hollow shell, hollow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殼
Reading #	1/1
No.	7419
Phonetic component	殻
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	㱿
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːɡ/
Notes	右下原作一，此後起通用字，見論衡

Definitions

殼

shell; husk; hull; skin; casing
貝殼／贝壳 ― bèiké ― shell; conch
蛋殼／蛋壳 ― dànké ― eggshell
地殼／地壳 ― dìqiào (Mainland), dìké (Taiwan) ― the Earth's crust

Compounds

介殼／介壳 (jièqiào)
介殼蟲／介壳虫
地殼／地壳 (dìqiào)
地殼變動／地壳变动
外殼／外壳 (wàiké)
小鬼仔殼／小鬼仔壳 (siáu-kúi-á-khak) (Min Nan)
小鬼仔殼／小鬼仔壳 (siáu-kúi-á-khak) (Min Nan)
彈殼／弹壳 (dànké)
怯殼兒／怯壳儿
板殼蟲／板壳虫
枳殼／枳壳 (zhǐqiào)
殼子／壳子
殼果／壳果
沙殼子／沙壳子

無殼蝸牛／无壳蜗牛
瓜子殼／瓜子壳
甲殼／甲壳 (jiǎqiào)
硬殼／硬壳 (yìngké)
老梆殼／老梆壳 (lǎobāngké)
耳殼／耳壳
脫殼／脱壳 (tuōké)
脫殼金蟬／脱壳金蝉 (tuōqiàojīnchán)
腦殼／脑壳 (nǎoké)
船殼／船壳
菜殼子／菜壳子
薄殼／薄壳 (bóké)
蚌殼／蚌壳 (bàngké)
蛋殼／蛋壳 (dànké)

蜆殼／蚬壳
蟹殼臉／蟹壳脸
貝殼／贝壳 (bèiké)
貝殼杉／贝壳杉
軀殼／躯壳 (qūqiào)
軟殼雞蛋／软壳鸡蛋
金蟬脫殼／金蝉脱壳 (jīnchántuōqiào)
錶殼兒／表壳儿
鐵殼船／铁壳船
頭殼／头壳 (tóuké)
頭髮殼子／头发壳子
駁殼槍／驳壳枪 (bókéqiāng)
鬼摸腦殼／鬼摸脑壳
龜殼花／龟壳花 (guīkéhuā)

Japanese

Shinjitai	殻
Kyūjitai	殼

Kanji

殼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 殻)

husk; shell

Readings

Go-on: こく (koku)

Kan-on: かく (kaku)

Kun: から (kara, 殼)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 殼 (MC kʰˠʌk̚).

Hanja

Wikisource殼 (eumhun 껍질 각 (kkeopjil gak))

Hanja form^? of 각 (“shell; husk; hull; skin; casing”).

Compounds

지각 (地殼, jigak)
각피 (殼皮, gakpi)
갑각 (甲殼, gapgak, “shell; carapace; crust”)
귀각 (龜殼, gwigak)
패각 (貝殼, paegak)
갑각류 (甲殼類, gapgangnyu, “crustacean”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

殼: Hán Nôm readings: xác, nôi

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