段

段

See also: 假 and 殷

段 U+6BB5, 段 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BB5 ← 殴 [U+6BB4] CJK Unified Ideographs 殶 → [U+6BB6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

段 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十竹弓水 (HJHNE), four-corner 7744₇, composition ⿰⿰丨亖殳)

Derived characters

• 𠩻, 𨺣, 𪝒, 塅, 缎, 𢀤, 𢝪, 𢯫, 𣹂, 𪦋, 㱭, 椴, 煅, 瑖, 腶, 𪰴, 碫, 锻 緞, 葮, 𧎚, 毈, 𧷃, 𧹮, 𨉨, 𫏗, 鍛, 𩋦, 𩏇, 𩤣, 𩹨

References

• KangXi: page 584, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16619
• Dae Jaweon: page 977, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2155, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6BB5

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		段

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (段) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鍛	*toːns
腶	*toːns
碫	*toːns
瑖	*toːns
緞	*doːnʔ, *doːns
段	*doːns
椴	*doːns
毈	*doːns

Origin is unknown or unclear.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): duàn (duan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): duan⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thon
• Min Dong (BUC): dâung / duâng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tōaⁿ / toān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): deng⁷ / duêng⁶ / duang⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): doe (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: duàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: duàn
    • Wade–Giles: tuan⁴
    • Yale: dwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duann
    • Palladius: дуань (duanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /twän⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: duan⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: duan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuan²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dyun⁶
    • Yale: dyuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dyn⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dün⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thon
    • Hakka Romanization System: ton
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ton⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰon⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâung / duâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑuŋ²⁴²/, /tuɑŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōaⁿ / toān
    • Tâi-lô: tuānn / tuān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoa, doan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tuã²²/, /tuan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã⁴¹/, /tuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã²²/, /tuan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tuã³³/, /tuan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã³³/, /tuan³³/

Note:

• tōaⁿ - vernacular;
• toān - literary （incl. surname).

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: deng⁷ / duêng⁶ / duang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̄ng / tuĕng / tuăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɯŋ¹¹/, /tueŋ³⁵/, /tuaŋ³⁵/

Note: duêng6/duang6 - surname.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: doe (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ø²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /duɑn^H/

Rime
Character	段
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒玩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/dʷɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/duɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwanH/
Li Rong	/duɑnH/
Wang Li	/duɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤo[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	段
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duàn
Middle Chinese	‹ twanH ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁo[n]-s/
English	hammer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	段
Reading #	1/1
No.	2534
Phonetic component	段
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	段
Old Chinese	/*doːns/

Definitions

段

1. section; piece; division
2. administrative unit; department
3. (sports) grade; level (in chess, martial arts, etc.)
4. Classifier for a segment or section of something that is long: piece; segment
5. Classifier for a distance or a period of time.
6. Classifier for writing, speech, etc.
7. a surname

   段祺瑞  ―  Duàn Qíruì  ―  Duan Qirui (Chinese warlord and politician)

Usage notes

The component on the left-hand side of the character can be referred to as 段字旁 (duànzìpáng).

Synonyms

• (classifier for a segment or section): (Cantonese, Min) 橛 (gyut⁶)

Compounds

一段 中波波段 分段 (fēnduàn) 卑劣手段 告一段落 (gào yī duànluò) 唱段 (chàngduàn) 地段 (dìduàn) 大手段 局段 工段 (gōngduàn) 手段 (shǒuduàn) 放下身段 款段 段子 (duànzi) 段字旁 (duànzìpáng) 段家 (Duànjiā) 段店 (Duàndiàn) 段考 (duànkǎo)

段落 (duànluò) 波段 (bōduàn) 焰段 片段 (piànduàn) 益古演段 科段 路段 (lùduàn) 身段 (shēnduàn) 高段 一刀兩段／一刀两段 三段論／三段论 (sānduànlùn) 不擇手段／不择手段 (bùzéshǒuduàn) 八段錦／八段锦 劈屍萬段／劈尸万段 區段／区段 (qūduàn) 區段徵收／区段征收 圍棋段位／围棋段位 平臺階段／平台阶段

廣播段／广播段 強硬手段／强硬手段 後段班／后段班 拴搐豔段／拴搐艳段 時段／时段 (shíduàn) 段數／段数 段頭／段头 現階段／现阶段 碎屍萬段／碎尸万段 禮數款段／礼数款段 線段／线段 (xiànduàn) 豔段／艳段 階段／阶段 (jiēduàn) 頓段／顿段 體段／体段 高壓手段／高压手段 黃金時段／黄金时段 (huángjīn shíduàn)

Descendants

• → Thai: ตอน (dtɔɔn)

Further reading

• (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “Entry #5136”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

段

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. step
2. rank; grade

Readings

• Go-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: きたえる (kitaeru); わかち (wakachi)

Compounds

• 値(ね)段(だん) (nedan): price
• 初(しょ)段(だん) (shodan)
• 段(だん)ボール (danbōru)
• 段(だん)位(い) (dan'i)
• 階(かい)段(だん) (kaidan): stairs

 

Etymology

Kanji in this term
段
だん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

段(だん) • (dan) 

1. steps (up and down); stairs
2. rating; ranking
3. row; line (of text)
4. (mathematics) multiplication table

   12(じゅうに)の段(だん)

   jūni no dan

   12 times table

5. (typography) the equivalent to a column in Western layout, but that can be horizontal or vertical depending on the writing direction

   Meronym: 行 (gyō, “line”)

   段(だん)数(すう)

   dansū

   a column count

   段(だん)間(かん)

   dankan

   column spacing; gutter

Suffix

段(だん) • (-dan) 

1. (after a number) -th rank; -th degree black belt (in karate, judo, etc)
2. a section (horizonal line) in the gojūon table, which consists of kanas that have or historically have a same vowel

   は行(ぎょう)う段(だん)

   ha-gyō u-dan

   row ha, section u (of consonant /h/ and vowel /u/)

3. (typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 1408 mils, ¹⁴⁰⁸⁄₁₀₀₀ in, 128 U and 16 倍 (bai)

Coordinate terms

• 行(ぎょう) (gyō)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 段 (MC duɑn^H). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰⿰丨亖⿱コ又/단〯 (tǎn) (Yale: tan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource段 (eumhun 구분 단 (gubun dan))

1. Hanja form^? of 단 (“step”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 수단 (手段, sudan, “procedure; method”)
• 계단 (階段, gyedan, “stairs”)
• 특단 (特段, teukdan, “being special”)
• 문단 (文段, mundan, “paragraph”)
• 단계 (段階, dan'gye, “stage, level”)
• 단계적 (段階的, dan'gyejeok, “phased”)
• 단락 (段落, dallak, “paragraph”)
• 일단락 (一段落, ildallak)
• 구구단 (九九段, gugudan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

段: Hán Nôm readings: đoạn, đoàn

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