歯向かう
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 歯 | 向 |
| は Grade: 3 | む Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi | |
| Alternative spellings | 刃向かう 歯向う |
|---|
Etymology
Compound of 歯 + 向かう, literally "to face (someone) with teeth"; 刃 (ha) can also be used, literally "carrying a blade to face (someone)"
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) はむかう [hàmúkáꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [ha̠mɯ̟ᵝka̠ɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
歯向かう • (hamukau) intransitive godan (stem 歯向かい (hamukai), past 歯向かった (hamukatta))
- (idiomatic) to strike back at, to bite back, to resist, to defy, to disobey
- 強力な相手に歯向かうことができる
- kyōryoku na aite ni hamukau koto ga dekiru
- to be able to resist a strong opponent
- Synonyms: 抵抗する, 手向かう, 敵対する
- 強力な相手に歯向かうことができる
- (of dogs, etc...) showing teeth with an intent to bite
Conjugation
Conjugation of "歯向かう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 歯向かわ | はむかわ | hamukawa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 歯向かい | はむかい | hamukai |
| Terminal (終止形) | 歯向かう | はむかう | hamukau |
| Attributive (連体形) | 歯向かう | はむかう | hamukau |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 歯向かえ | はむかえ | hamukae |
| Imperative (命令形) | 歯向かえ | はむかえ | hamukae |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 歯向かわれる | はむかわれる | hamukawareru |
| Causative | 歯向かわせる 歯向かわす | はむかわせる はむかわす | hamukawaseru hamukawasu |
| Potential | 歯向かえる | はむかえる | hamukaeru |
| Volitional | 歯向かおう | はむかおう | hamukaō |
| Negative | 歯向かわない | はむかわない | hamukawanai |
| Negative continuative | 歯向かわず | はむかわず | hamukawazu |
| Formal | 歯向かいます | はむかいます | hamukaimasu |
| Perfective | 歯向かった | はむかった | hamukatta |
| Conjunctive | 歯向かって | はむかって | hamukatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 歯向かえば | はむかえば | hamukaeba |
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN