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单词 正しい
释义

正しい

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ただ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Derived from (tada, straight; direct; straightforward) + (-shi, adjective-forming suffix, origin of and superseded by modern しい (shii)).[1]

First appears in 858 CE in the 大智度論 (Daichido-ron), the Japanese rendering of the Chinese text Da zhidu lun. Used primarily in 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, Japanese-language readings of Classical Chinese texts, literally Chinese text, meaning (Japanese) reading) contexts, with almost no usage in 和文 (wabun, Japanese texts) or kana contexts until after the Heian Period.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) だし [tàdáshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3][4]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠da̠ɕii]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "正しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)正しくしく
だし
[tàdáꜜshìkù]
[tàdáshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形)正しいだし[tàdáshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)正しいだし[tàdáshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative正しくないしくない
だしくない
[tàdáꜜshìkùnàì]
[tàdáshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past正しかったしかった
だしかった
[tàdáꜜshìkàttà]
[tàdáshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past正しくなかったしくなかった
だしくなかった
[tàdáꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[tàdáshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal正しいですだしいです[tàdáshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive正しくてしくて
だしくて
[tàdáꜜshìkùtè]
[tàdáshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional正しければしければ
だしければ
[tàdáꜜshìkèrèbà]
[tàdáshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(ただ)しい (tadashii) -i (adverbial (ただ)しく (tadashiku))

  1. (physically) true, straight, unwarped, unskewed, proper
  2. (abstractly) correct, right, true
Inflection

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
まさ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Derived from (masa, right, proper; just, fair; straight-grained (as of wood); straight) + (-shi, adjective-forming suffix, superseded in modern usage by しい (shii)).[1][2]

First appears in an 830 CE copy of the 金光明最勝王経 (Konkōmyō Saishō Ō Kyō, Golden Light Sutra) in a 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, Japanese-language readings of Classical Chinese texts, literally Chinese text, meaning (Japanese) reading) context,[1] and later phonetically in the 905 CE work 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū, Collection of Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times).[1][2][5]

Still in use in the early 1600s,[6] then apparently falling into partial disuse. The full adjective form masashii is no longer included in some dictionaries.[2][4][5] Persists in dialect in the modern language, and as adverbial form 正しく (masashiku).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) さし [màsáshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
  • IPA(key): [ma̠sa̠ɕiː]

Adjective

(まさ)しい (masashii) -i (adverbial (まさ)しく (masashiku))

  1. (uncommon, dialect) factual, true, correct, accurate
  2. (uncommon, dialect) genuine, real
  3. (uncommon, dialect) actual, real, certain
Inflection
Derived terms
  • (まさ)しく (masashiku)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, see the Masaxij entry to the left of the highlighted term (in Portuguese)
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