歎

歎

See also: 叹 and 嘆

歎 U+6B4E, 歎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B4E ← 歍 [U+6B4D] CJK Unified Ideographs 歏 → [U+6B4F]

Translingual

Han character

歎 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿人弓人 (TONO), four-corner 4758₂, composition ⿰𦰩欠)

Derived characters

• 擹, 𤁤, 𣋸, 𣞔, 𪇽

Related characters

• 叹 (Simplified Chinese)
• 嘆 (Variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong)

References

• KangXi: page 571, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16182
• Dae Jaweon: page 959, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2149, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6B4E

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Chinese

trad.		歎/嘆
simp.		叹*
alternative forms		歏 𪇽 𣥁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tàn (tan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴
    • Yale: tàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: taan³
    • Yale: taan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰɑn^H/

Rime
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他旦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tān
Middle Chinese	‹ than ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar/
English	to sigh
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
No.	4896
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	炭
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

歎

1. Alternative form of 嘆 (“to sigh; to chant; to praise”).
2. one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty
3. a surname.

Hypernyms

• (literary genre): 文體／文体 (wéntǐ)

Coordinate terms

literary genre

• 吟 (yín)
• 咏
• 引 (yǐn)
• 怨 (yuàn)
• 操 (cāo)
• 文 (wén)
• 曲 (qū)
• 歌 (gē)
• 篇 (piān)
• 箴 (zhēn)
• 行 (xíng)
• 詞／词 (cí)
• 誄／诔 (lěi)
• 詩／诗 (shī)
• 調／调 (tiáo)
• 謠／谣 (yáo)
• 謳／讴 (ōu)
• 賦／赋 (fù)
• 贊／赞 (zàn)
• 銘／铭 (míng)
• 章 (zhāng)
• 頌／颂 (sòng)
• 題／题 (tí)

 

Compounds

一倡三歎／一倡三叹 一唱三歎／一唱三叹 三歎／三叹 九歎／九叹 仰天長歎／仰天长叹 仰屋竊歎／仰屋窃叹 北門之歎／北门之叹 可歎／可叹 咳聲歎氣／咳声叹气 哀歎／哀叹 唉聲歎氣／唉声叹气 嗐聲歎氣／嗐声叹气 廢書而歎／废书而叹 怨歎／怨叹 悔毒之歎／悔毒之叹

悲歎／悲叹 慨歎／慨叹 拍膝嗟歎／拍膝嗟叹 擊節歎賞／击节叹赏 望洋興歎／望洋兴叹 歎傷／叹伤 歎吁／叹吁 歎喟／叹喟 歎嗟／叹嗟 歎恨／叹恨 歎息／叹息 歎惋／叹惋 歎惜／叹惜 歎服／叹服 歎氣／叹气

歎為觀止／叹为观止 歎皇陵／叹皇陵 歎美／叹美 歎羨／叹羡 歎老嗟卑／叹老嗟卑 歎賞／叹赏 浩歎／浩叹 牛山歎／牛山叹 白頭之歎／白头之叹 自怨自歎／自怨自叹 詠歎／咏叹 讚歎／赞叹 蹙眉長歎／蹙眉长叹 金聖歎／金圣叹 驚歎／惊叹

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Japanese

Kanji

歎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): たん (tan)
• Kun: なげく (nageku, 歎く)

Compounds

• 悲(ひ)歎(たん) (hitan)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
歎
たん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 歎 – see the following entry.

【嘆たん】S [noun] sigh

(This term, 歎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Alternative forms

• 嘆

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 歎 (MC tʰɑn^H).

Hanja

Wikisource歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))

1. Hanja form^? of 탄 (“sigh”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 개탄 (慨歎, gaetan)
• 한탄 (恨歎, hantan)
• 탄성 (歎聲, tanseong)
• 자탄 (自歎, jatan)
• 비탄 (悲歎, bitan)
• 탄식 (歎息, tansik)
• 탄원 (歎願, tanwon)
• 애탄 (哀歎, aetan)
• 감탄 (感歎, gamtan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

歎: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
歎: Nôm readings: than[4][3], thăn[4][3]

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

1. Trần (2004).
2. Bonet (1899).
3. Génibrel (1898).
4. Hồ (1976).