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单词 次
释义

次

See also: 㳄
次 U+6B21, 次
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B21
← 欠
[U+6B20]		CJK Unified Ideographs欢 →
[U+6B22]
次 U+2F8EF, 次
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EF
← 㰘
[U+2F8EE]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement𣢧 →
[U+2F8F0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

次 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一弓人 (IMNO) or 一一弓人 (MMNO), four-corner 17182 or 37182, composition ⿰冫欠(GJV) or ⿰二欠(HKT))

Derived characters

  • 佽 栨 䅆 絘 趑 乲 咨 垐 姿 恣 栥 瓷 盗 秶 粢 資(资) 楶 餈 䳐 茨 𡷑 羡 䨏 䯸
  • 䪢 䪣 䪡

References

  • KangXi: page 565, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15992
  • Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6B21
  • Unihan data for U+2F8EF

Chinese

trad.次
simp. #次
alternative forms𠕞
𦮏
𠤣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 次
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咨*ʔsli
資*ʔsli
姿*ʔsli
粢*ʔsli
諮*ʔsli
恣*ʔslis
澬*ʔsli, *zli
趑*sʰli
蠀*sʰli
次*sn̥ʰis
佽*sl̥ʰis
絘*sl̥ʰis
薋*zli
瓷*zli
茨*zli
餈*zli
垐*zli, *zlɯɡ
楶*ʔsliːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰis) : phonetic 二 (OC *njis, “two”) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1

Probably from *s- + 二 (OC *njis, “two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (Pulleyblank, 1962; Sagart and Baxter, 2012; STEDT).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): cì (ci4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): ci4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цы (cɨ, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ci3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): ci3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): ci3
  • Min Bei (KCR): chu̿
  • Min Dong (BUC): ché̤ṳ
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhù / chhìr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ce3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tshr (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): cr4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cì
      • Zhuyin: ㄘˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cìh
      • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ4
      • Yale: tsz̀
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyh
      • Palladius: цы (cy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: ci4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цы (cɨ, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ci3
      • Yale: chi
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi3
      • Guangdong Romanization: qi3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhu1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬu³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ci3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ
      • Hakka Romanization System: cii
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ci4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ci4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: ci3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chu̿
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ché̤ṳ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰøy²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Magong)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhù
      • Tâi-lô: tshù
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhux
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰu²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰu¹¹/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhìr
      • Tâi-lô: tshìr
      • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
      • IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sʰɯ¹²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ⁴¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ce3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̀
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɯ²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tshr (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: cr4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰiɪH/
Rime
Character次
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)清 (14)
Final (韻)脂 (15)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie七四切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡sʰiɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡sʰiH/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sʰjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡sʰiH/
Li
Rong		/t͡sʰiH/
Wang
Li		/t͡sʰiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sʰiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		cì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ci3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sn̥ʰis/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character次次
Reading #1/22/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		cìcì
Middle
Chinese		‹ tshijH ›‹ tshijH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[s-n̥]i[j]-s//*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/
Englishlodge (v.)put in order; second

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character次
Reading #1/1
No.1794
Phonetic
component		次
Rime
group		脂
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		次
Old
Chinese		/*sn̥ʰis/
Notes說文二聲，甲金文二或三劃，
似人嘆氣諮嗟

Definitions

次

  1. order; sequence
  2. (algebra) order
  3. next in sequence; second
  4. (literary) to arrange into ordered form; to put into sequence; to impose order; to compile
    • 蕭何次律令，韓信申軍法。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      萧何次律令，韩信申军法。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
      Xiāo Hé cì lǜlìng, Hán Xìn shēn jūnfǎ. [Pinyin]
      Xiao He compiled laws and regulations, and Han Xin re-established military disciplines.
  5. inferior; substandard
  6. Classifier for times, as in frequency. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    上次  ―  shàngcì  ―  last time
    次數／次数  ―  cìshù  ―  number of times; frequency
  7. (archaic, military) to station the troops at some place; to hold position at some place
    • 春王正月，師次于郎，以俟陳人、蔡人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      春王正月，师次于郎，以俟陈人、蔡人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
      Chūn wáng zhēngyuè, shī cì yú Láng, yǐ sì Chénrén, Càirén. [Pinyin]
      Spring, the first month (of Zhou calendar), the armies of Lu were stationed at Lang to await those of Chen and Cai.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 次 (“time (frequency)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)次, 回, 遍
MandarinTaiwan次
Malaysia次
Singapore次
CantoneseGuangzhou次
Hong Kong次
Macau次
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)次, 擺
Singapore (Guangfu)次, 擺
HakkaMeixian擺
Wuhua (Huacheng)擺
Heyuan (Bendihua)次
Liannan次
Jiexi輪
Changting回
Wuping下, 到
Ninghua回
Miaoli (N. Sixian)擺, 到
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)擺, 到
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)擺, 到
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)擺, 回
Hong Kong次
Senai (Huiyang)擺
Min DongFuzhou匝
Min NanXiamen擺, 斗
Xiamen (Tong'an)擺
Quanzhou擺, 斗
Anxi擺
Zhangzhou擺, 斗
Zhao'an次, 擺
Tainan擺, 改, 斗
Penang (Hokkien)斗
Singapore (Hokkien)擺
Manila (Hokkien)擺
Chaozhou匝, 過
Jieyang匝, 過, 擺
Johor Bahru (Teochew)次, 匝
Singapore (Teochew)擺, 匝
Wenchang下, 次
WuShanghai次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下
Shanghai (Chongming)趟, 頓, 場
Suzhou趟, 頓, 場
Danyang頓, 場
Hangzhou埭, 趟, 頓, 通
Ningbo回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記

Compounds

Derived terms from 次

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cì (ci4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˋ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cì
      • Zhuyin: ㄘˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cìh
      • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ4
      • Yale: tsz̀
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyh
      • Palladius: цы (cy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

Definitions

次

  1. Only used in 榆次 (Yúcì).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zī (zi1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ci1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zī
      • Zhuyin: ㄗ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zih
      • Wade–Giles: tzŭ1
      • Yale: dz̄
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
      • Palladius: цзы (czy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ci1
      • Yale: chī
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi1
      • Guangdong Romanization: qi1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/

Definitions

次

  1. Only used in 次且.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cí (ci2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cí
      • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
      • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ2
      • Yale: tsź
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
      • Palladius: цы (cy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Definitions

次

  1. Only used in 具次.

Japanese

Shinjitai次
Kyūjitai
[1]
次󠄁
次+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
次󠄄
次+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

次

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つぎ (tsugi, 次, Jōyō); つぐ (tsugu, 次ぐ, Jōyō); すがい (sugai, 次い)←すがひ (sugafi, historical); すがう (sugau, 次う)←すがふ (sugafu, historical); すき (suki, 次き); すく (suku, 次く); ついで (tsuide, 次いで); とまる (tomaru, 次まる); やどる (yadoru, 次る)
  • Nanori: き (ki); すき (suki); ちか (chika); つぎ (tsugi); つぐ (tsugu); ひで (hide); やどる (yadoru); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

  • 目(もく)次(じ) (mokuji)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
次
し
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 次 (MC t͡sʰiɪH, “in order; second”).

Less common reading in modern Japanese. Superseded in most cases by ji; see below.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɕi]

Affix

次(し) • (shi) 

  1. next, secondary
  2. following
Usage notes

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 次(し)第(だい) (shidai): order, order of events, circumstances; dependent upon, coming after, taking orders from
  • 次(し)忠(ちゅう) (shichū): secondary loyalty

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
次
じ
Grade: 3
kan’yōon

/si/ → /ʑi/ → /d͡ʑi/

Sound shift from shi above.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [(d͡)ʑi]

Counter

次(じ) • (-ji) 

  1. number of times: an ordinal marker
    第四(だいよん)次(じ)計画(けいかく)
    daiyonji keikaku
    the fourth plan
  2. number in a sequence, number of aspects or dimensions
    二(に)次(じ)方程式(ほうていしき)、三(さん)次(じ)式(しき)
    niji hōteishiki, sanji shiki
    a quadratic equation, a third order expression

Noun

次(じ) • (ji) 

  1. (rare) order, sequence
Usage notes

Seldom found in isolation.

Prefix

次(じ) • (ji-) 

  1. (attached to nouns) the next, secondary, vice-
    次(じ)位(い)、次(じ)長(ちょう)
    jii, jichō
    second rank, vice-director
  2. (chemistry) hypo- (used to distinguish the oxidation levels of various acids)
    亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)
    aenso san, jiaenso san, ashūso san, jiashūso san
    chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, bromous acid, hypobromous acid

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
次
つぎ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次ぐ (tsugu, “to be in a sequence; to follow, to continue from something, to be next; to connect, to join”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つぎ​ [tsùgíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝɡʲi]

Noun

次(つぎ) • (tsugi) 

  1. next, order, sequence, below
    子(こ)供(ども)たちは次(つぎ)のように述(の)べています。
    Kodomotachi wa tsugi no yō ni nobeteimasu.
    The children said as follows.
    • From the Emacs tutorial (English)
      では C-v （次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)を見(み)る）をタイプして次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)に進(すす)んで下(くだ)さい。（さあ、やってみましょう。コントロールキーを押(お)しながら v です）
      De wa C-v (tsugi no gamen o miru) o taipu shite tsugi no gamen ni susunde kudasai. (Sā, yattemimashō. Kontorōrukī o oshinagara v desu)
      Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. (go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and v together)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
次
すき
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
主基

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く (suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).[2]

The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sɨᵝkʲi]

Noun

次(すき) • (suki) 

  1. (Shinto) at the 大嘗祭 (Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
次
ついで
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
序
序で
第
次いで
尋いで
次第
嗣

/tuɡite/ → /tuide/

Sound shift from 次第 (tsugite, “order, sequence”), itself originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete Old Japanese-derived verb 継ぎつ (tsugitsu, “to do things in sequence, to establish an order”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ついで [tsùídé] (Heiban – [0])[3]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝide̞]

Noun

次(ついで) • (tsuide) 

  1. order, sequence
  2. follower, successor; the next thing in a sequence
  3. a good opportunity to do something; doing something incidental to something else
Usage notes

The good opportunity sense is more often encountered as 序(つい)でに (tsuide ni).

References

  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1185 (paper), page 643 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

次 (eumhun 버금 차 (beogeum cha))

  1. Hanja form? of 차 (“second; next”).

Vietnamese

Han character

次: Hán Việt readings: thứ (七(thất)四(tứ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], tư
次: Nôm readings: thớ[1][3][6][4][5][7], thứ[1][2][4][7], thứa[2][4][5][7], khứa[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of thứ (“inferior in quality; order, rank, sequence”).
  2. Nôm form of thớ (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).
  3. Nôm form of thứa (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 次元 (thứ nguyên)

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Hồ (1976).
  7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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