bilst
Latvian
Etymology
Underlyingly *bild-ti, an iR-vocalization of the zero grade *bʰl̥- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound; to speak, roar, bark”) which gave rise to an (unattested) *bilt which was extended with an additional -d- giving bilst. Of the same origin as balss (“voice”). Cognate with Lithuanian bilti (“to speak”) (3rd pres. bilsta), bilsti (“to knock, rumble”), byla (“speech; case, file”), Old Prussian billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”). Iterative bildēt (“to speak”) (whence atbildēt (“to respond”)), causative bildināt (“to propose someone”).[1] Derksen reconstructs *bʰl̥d- already at a Proto-Indo-European stage, see Lithuanian bildėti.
Verb
bilst intr., 1st conj., pres. bilstu, bilsti, bilst, past bildu
- (transitive) to utter; to say, especially in few words
Conjugation
conjugation of bilst
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) | Past (pagātne) | Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | bilstu | bildu | bildīšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | bilsti | bildi | bildīsi | bilsti |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | bilst | bilda | bildīs | lai bilst |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | bilstam | bildām | bildīsim | bildīsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | bilstat | bildāt | bildīsiet, bildīsit | bilstiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | bilst | bilda | bildīs | lai bilst |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | bilstot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | bilstošs | ||
| Past | esot bildis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | bilzdams | ||
| Future | bildīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | bilstot | ||
| Imperative | lai bilstot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | bilstam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | bildis | |||
| Present | bilstu | Present Passive | bilstams | ||
| Past | būtu bildis | Past Passive | bilsts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jābilst | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | bilst | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jābilst | Negative Infinitive | nebilst | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jābilstot | Verbal noun | bilšana | ||
Related terms
- iebilst (“to object”)
- iebildums (“objection”)
- atbilst (“to correspond, match, suit”)
- atbilstība (“suitability, correspondence”)
- piebilst (“to add, note”)
- piebilde (“note, (an additional) condition”)
- aizbilst (“to put in a good word for someone”)
- aizbildnis (“legal guardian”)
- atbildēt (“to respond, reply”)
- atbilde (“response”)
- atbildība (“responsibility”)
- bildināt (“to propose someone”)
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “bilst”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN