橘

See also: 桔

橘	U+6A58, 橘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A58

← 橗
[U+6A57]

CJK Unified Ideographs

橙 →
[U+6A59]

Translingual

Han character

橘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 4792₇, composition ⿰木矞)

Derived characters

𮒬

References

KangXi: page 553, character 27

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551

Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8

Unihan data for U+6A58

Chinese

trad.		橘
simp. ^#		橘
2nd round simp.		桔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 橘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (矞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
瞲	qʰʷilʔ, qʰʷids, *qʰʷiːd
璚	*ɡʷeŋ
劀	kʷriːd, kʷreːd
鱊	kʷriːd, ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
譎	*kʷiːd
潏	kʷiːd, ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
鐍	*kʷiːd
憰	*kʷiːd
噊	ɢʷjid, ɢʷid
驈	ɢʷjid, ɢʷid
橘	*kʷid
繘	kʷid, ɢʷid
獝	*qʰʷid
燏	*ɢʷid
遹	*ɢʷid
鷸	*ɢʷid
矞	*ɢʷid
霱	*ɢʷid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid).

Etymology

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jú (ju²)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kit
Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴
Min Nan (POJ): kiat / kit
Wu (Wiktionary): jyq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): jy⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jú
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
  - Wade–Giles: chü²
  - Yale: jyú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwat¹
  - Yale: gwāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gued¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
  - Hakka Romanization System: gid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jyeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat
  - Tâi-lô: kiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiad
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kit
  - Tâi-lô: kit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kid
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kit̚³²/

Note: kiat/kit - vernacular (俗), 桔 is used in Taiwan.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jyq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥ̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jy⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 橘
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕy³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kwɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kut̚³²/ /kiat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xi²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kik̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kiuɪt̚/

Rime
Character	橘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	諄 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居聿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwit̚/
Li Rong	/kiuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/kĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʷid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	橘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jú
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwit ›
Old Chinese	/*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
English	orange (tangerine?)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橘
Reading #	1/1
No.	16015
Phonetic component	矞
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	橘
Old Chinese	/*kʷid/

Definitions

橘

mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange

Usage notes

See 桔.

Compounds

南橘北枳 (nánjúběizhǐ)
柑橘 (gānjú)
橘井
橘奴
橘子 (júzi)
橘柑
橘河

橘皮 (júpí)
橘酒
福橘
蜜橘
越橘 (yuèjú)
金橘 (jīnjú)
千頭橘奴／千头橘奴

懷橘／怀橘
橘化為枳／橘化为枳
橘紅／橘红 (júhóng)
橘絡／橘络 (júluò)
橘頌／橘颂 (Júsòng)
橘餅／橘饼
橘黃／橘黄 (júhuáng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (橘):

→ Japanese: 橘(きつ) (kitsu)
→ Korean: 귤(橘) (gyul)
→ Vietnamese: quất (橘)

→ Vietnamese: quít

References

“橘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

橘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: きち (kichi)
Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
Kun: たちばな (tachibana, 橘)

Compounds

橘(き)皮(がわ) (kigawa, peel of the tachibana fruit)
橘中(きっちゅう) (kitchū)
温州(うんしゅう)橘(きつ) (Unshūkitsu, Citrus unshiu)
柑(かんき)橘(つ) (kankitsu)
- 柑橘(かんきつ)類(るい) (kankitsu-rui, citrus fruits as a whole)
月(ゲッ)橘(キツ) (gekkitsu, “orange jessamine”, Murraya paniculata)
香(こう)橘(きつ) (kōkitsu)
四季(シキ)橘(キツ) (shikikitsu, “calamondin”, Citrus × microcarpa)
臭(しゅう)橘(きつ) (shūkitsu, trifoliate orange)
盧(ろ)橘(きつ) (rokitsu)
金橘(キンカン) (kinkan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
橘
たちばな Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]

A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (hana, “flower”).

Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たちばな [tàchíꜜbànà] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
IPA^(key): [ta̠t͡ɕiba̠na̠]

Noun

橘(たちばな) • (tachibana)

Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan
Synonym: 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)
Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)
Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”)
(archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タチバナ.

Derived terms

橘(たちばな)を (tachibana o, pillow word)
橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)
橘(たちばな)鳥(どり) (tachibanadori, “lesser cuckoo”)
橘(タチバナ)擬(モドキ) (tachibanamodoki, Pyracantha angustifolia)
橘(たちばな)屋(や) (Tachibana-ya)
橘(たちばな)焼(やき), 橘(たちばな)焼(や)き (tachibana-yaki)
橘(たちばな)湾(わん) (Tachibana-wan)
右近(うこん)の橘(たちばな) (Ukon no Tachibana), 御(み)階(はし)の橘(たちばな) (Mihashi no Tachibana)
弟橘(おとたちばな)媛(ひめ) (Ototachibana-hime), 橘(たちばな)媛(ひめ) (Tachibana-hime)
枸橘(カラタチ) (karatachi, “trifoliate orange”, Citrus trifoliata)
唐(カラ)橘(タチバナ) (kara-tachibana)
草(クサ)橘(タチバナ) (kusa-tachibana)
御(ゴ)前(ゼン)橘(タチバナ) (Gozen tachibana)
酢(ス)橘(ダチ) (sudachi, “sudachi”, Citrus sudachi)
大明(タイミン)橘(タチバナ) (Taimin-tachibana, “Myrsine neriifolia”)
花(はな)橘(たちばな) (hanatachibana)
姫(ひめ)橘(たちばな) (hime-tachibana)
山(やま)橘(たちばな) (yama-tachibana)
大和(やまと)橘(たちばな) (Yamato tachibana)

Idioms

江南(こうなん)の橘(たちばな)江(こう)北(ほく)の枳(からたち)となる (Kōnan no tachibana Kōhoku no karatachi to naru)

Proper noun

橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana)

short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
(historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
Hypernym: 桜 (Sakura)
(historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
(historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
a surname

Derived terms

橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
橘
きつ Jinmeiyō
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 橘 (MC kiuɪt̚).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Affix

橘(きつ) • (kitsu)

Citrus tachibana
the Tachibana clan

Derived terms

橘家(きっけ)神道(しんとう) (Kikke Shintō)
源平藤橘(げんぺいとうきつ) (Genpeitōkitsu, the four major clans in the Nara period: Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana)

Proper noun

橘(きつ) • (Kitsu)

a female given name
a surname

References

“橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))

Hanja form^? of 귤 (“tangerine”).

Old Japanese

Etymology

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]

A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (pana, “flower”).

Noun

橘 (tatibana) (kana たちばな)

any raw edible citrus fruit
Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit

Derived terms

橘を (tatibana wo, pillow word)
弟橘媛 (Oto₂tatibana-pi₁me₁)

Descendants

Japanese: 橘 (tachibana)

Proper noun

橘 (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)

a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe

Descendants

Japanese: 橘 (Tachibana)

References

“橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

橘: Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ2-1] “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ2-3] “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN