標準

標準

See also: 标准 and 標准

Chinese

		the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid	accurate; standard
trad. (標準/標准)		標	準/准
simp. (标准)		标	准

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): biāozhǔn

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): biu¹ zeon²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phêu-chún
• Min Dong (BUC): biĕu-cūng
• Min Nan (POJ): piau-chún / phiau-chún
• Wu (Wiktionary): piau tsen (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: biāozhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biaujoen
    • IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: biu¹ zeon²
    • Yale: bīu jéun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: biu¹ dzoen²
    • Guangdong Romanization: biu¹ zên²
    • IPA ^(key): /piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phêu-chún
    • Hakka Romanization System: peu´ zun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: peu¹ zun³
    • IPA: /pʰeu̯²⁴ t͡sun³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: biĕu-cūng
    • IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piau-chún
    • Tâi-lô: piau-tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piauzuon
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /piaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /piaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piaʊ³³ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiau-chún
    • Tâi-lô: phiau-tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiauzuon
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰiaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: piau tsen (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /piɔ⁵⁵ t͡səɲ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /piᴇu  t͡ɕiuɪn^X/▼

Rime
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫遙切	之尹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇu/	/t͡ɕiuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕʷinX/
Shao Rongfen	/pjæu/	/t͡ɕjuenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piaw/	/cwinX/
Li Rong	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/
Wang Li	/pĭɛu/	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛu/	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	biāo	zhǔn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*pew  qʷjinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywinX ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9742	12189
Phonetic component	票	隼
Rime group	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	飊	準
Old Chinese	/*pew/	/*qʷjinʔ/

Noun

標準

1. standard; criterion

   法定標準 / 法定标准  ―  fǎdìng biāozhǔn  ―  legal standard

   評分標準 / 评分标准  ―  píngfēn biāozhǔn  ―  scoring criteria

   合乎標準 / 合乎标准  ―  héhū biāozhǔn  ―  to conform to the standard

   統一標準 / 统一标准  ―  tǒngyī biāozhǔn  ―  to unify standards

   修煉的標準是嚴格。 [MSC, trad.]
   修炼的标准是严格。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiūliàn de biāozhǔn shì yángé. [Pinyin]

   Strictness is the standard of cultivation practice.

Synonyms

edit

基準／基准 (jīzhǔn) 準則／准则 (zhǔnzé)

準繩／准绳 (zhǔnshéng) 規範／规范 (guīfàn)

Adjective

標準

1. standard

   標準的普通話 / 标准的普通话  ―  biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà  ―  standard Mandarin

Derived terms

Derived terms from 標準

國際標準書號／国际标准书号 (guójì biāozhǔn shūhào) 標準件／标准件 標準像／标准像 標準化／标准化 (biāozhǔnhuà) 標準化考試／标准化考试 標準大氣壓／标准大气压 標準時／标准时 (biāozhǔnshí) 標準時區／标准时区 標準時間／标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)

標準粉／标准粉 標準語／标准语 (biāozhǔnyǔ) 標準間／标准间 (biāozhǔnjiān) 標準音／标准音 標配／标配 (biāopèi) 生活標準／生活标准 (shēnghuó biāozhǔn) 美國信息交換標準代碼／美国信息交换标准代码 (Měiguó Xìnxī Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ) 美國資訊交換標準代碼／美国资讯交换标准代码 (Měiguó Zīxùn Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ) 雙重標準／双重标准 (shuāngchóng biāozhǔn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (標準):

• → Japanese: 標 (ひょう)準 (じゅん) (hyōjun)
• → Korean: 표준 (標準, pyojun)
• → Vietnamese: tiêu chuẩn (標準)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
標	準
ひょう Grade: 4	じゅん Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひょーじゅん [hyòójúń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ço̞ːʑɨ̃ᵝɴ]

Noun

標準 (hiragana ひょうじゅん, rōmaji hyōjun)

1. standard, level, the mark, norm

Derived terms

• 標 (ひょう)準 (じゅん)化 (か) (hyōjunka)
• 標 (ひょう)準 (じゅん)語 (ご) (hyōjungo)

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN