構

構

See also: 构 and 横

構 U+69CB, 構 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-69CB ← 槊 [U+69CA] CJK Unified Ideographs 槌 → [U+69CC]

Translingual

Han character

構 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿廿月 (DTTB), four-corner 4594₇, composition ⿰木冓)

Derived characters

• 𡒫, 𥵡

Descendants

• 构 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 546, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15317
• Dae Jaweon: page 933, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1259, character 7
• Unihan data for U+69CB

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Chinese

trad.		構/搆*
simp.		构*
alternative forms		遘 “to form”
搆 – not used for “paper mulberry”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
溝	*koː
篝	*koː
鞲	*koː
韝	*koː, *kʰoː
褠	*koː
冓	*koː, *koːs
構	*koːs
購	*koːs
媾	*koːs
覯	*koːs
遘	*koːs, *koːs
煹	*koːs
搆	*koːs
講	*kroːŋʔ
耩	*kroːŋʔ
傋	*kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ
斠	*kroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòu (gou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³, gau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiêu / kieu
• Min Dong (BUC): gáiu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiò / kò͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gou³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
    • Wade–Giles: kou⁴
    • Yale: gòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
    • Palladius: гоу (gou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau³, gau³
    • Yale: kau, gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³, gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³, geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/, /kɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu / kieu
    • Hakka Romanization System: gieu´ / gieu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gieu¹ / gieu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/, /ki̯eu̯⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑu²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò
    • Tâi-lô: kiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioix
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kio⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kox
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gou³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kəu^H/

Rime
Character	構
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古候切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwH/
Li Rong	/kuH/
Wang Li	/kəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	構
Reading #	1/1
No.	4191
Phonetic component	冓
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遘
Old Chinese	/*koːs/

Definitions

構

1. to form; to build
2. to fabricate; to make up
3. frame; structure; building
4. paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)

   Synonyms: 楮 (chǔ), 榖 (gǔ)

Usage notes

Cantonese gau3 pronunciation is likely incorrect and is probably influenced by Mandarin.

Compounds

主從架構／主从架构 人口結構／人口结构 (rénkǒu jiégòu) 佳構劇／佳构剧 儲油構造／储油构造 分子結構／分子结构 (fēnzǐ jiégòu) 向壁虛構／向壁虚构 (xiàngbìxūgòu) 堂構／堂构 堂構更新／堂构更新 宏構／宏构 宿構／宿构 嵌版構造／嵌版构造 建構／建构 (jiàngòu) 慈善機構／慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu) 憑虛構象／凭虚构象 板塊構造／板块构造 架構／架构 (jiàgòu) 構件／构件 (gòujiàn) 構兵／构兵 (gòubīng) 構圖／构图 (gòutú) 構型／构型 (gòuxíng)

構工／构工 構建／构建 (gòujiàn) 構形／构形 (gòuxíng) 構思／构思 (gòusī) 構怨／构怨 (gòuyuàn) 構怨連兵／构怨连兵 構想／构想 (gòuxiǎng) 構成／构成 (gòuchéng) 構成主義／构成主义 (gòuchéng zhǔyì) 構擬／构拟 (gòunǐ) 構會／构会 構架／构架 (gòujià) 構築／构筑 (gòuzhù) 構築物／构筑物 (gòuzhùwù) 構精／构精 構訟不息／构讼不息 構詞惑眾／构词惑众 構詞法／构词法 構造／构造 (gòuzào) 構造單元／构造单元

構造地震／构造地震 構造運動／构造运动 構釁／构衅 構陷／构陷 (gòuxiàn) 機構／机构 (jīgòu) 權力結構／权力结构 (quánlì jiégòu) 民意機構／民意机构 生態結構／生态结构 (shēngtài jiégòu) 生產結構／生产结构 (shēngchǎn jiégòu) 異構／异构 (yìgòu) 秦王構石／秦王构石 結構／结构 (jiégòu) 結構主義／结构主义 (jiégòuzhǔyì) 締構／缔构 肯堂肯構／肯堂肯构 肯構肯堂／肯构肯堂 虛構／虚构 (xūgòu) 解構／解构 (jiěgòu) 讒構／谗构

Descendants

• → Thai: ก่อ (gɔ̀ɔ)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	構
Kyūjitai [1]	構󠄁 構+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	構󠄃 構+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

構

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to build, construct

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: かまえる (kamaeru, 構える, Jōyō); かまえ (kamae, 構え); かまう (kamau, 構う, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 構外(こうがい) (kōgai)
• 構成(こうせい) (kōsei)
• 構図(こうず) (kōzu)
• 構想(こうそう) (kōsō)
• 構造(こうぞう) (kōzō)
• 構築(こうちく) (kōchiku)
• 構内(こうない) (kōnai)
• 構文(こうぶん) (kōbun)

Derived terms

• 構(かま)いません (kamaimasen)

References

1. “構”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

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Korean

Hanja

構 (eumhun 집세울 구 (jipse'ul gu))

1. to build, construct (얽다)
2. paper mulberry (꾸지나무, 닥나무)

Synonyms

• (paper mulberry): 榖
• (paper mulberry): 楮

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Vietnamese

Han character

構: Hán Nôm readings: cấu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.