榎

榎

榎 U+698E, 榎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-698E ← 榍 [U+698D] CJK Unified Ideographs 榏 → [U+698F]

Translingual

Han character

榎 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木一山水 (DMUE), four-corner 4194₇, composition ⿰木夏)

References

• KangXi: page 542, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15219
• Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1263, character 2
• Unihan data for U+698E

---

Chinese

trad.		榎
simp. #		榎
alternative forms		檟／槚

榎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
榎	*kraːʔ
廈	*sraːs, *ɡraːʔ
嗄	*sqʰraːs, *qraːds
夏	*ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎ (jia³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chia³
    • Yale: jyǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jea
    • Palladius: цзя (czja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjä²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaa²
    • Yale: gá
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /kˠa^X/

Rime
Character	榎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古疋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/kaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨX/
Li Rong	/kaX/
Wang Li	/kaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kaX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	榎
Reading #	1/1
No.	13449
Phonetic component	夏
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	檟
Old Chinese	/*kraːʔ/
Notes	同檟見爾雅

Definitions

榎

1. The Manchurian catalpa, Catalpa bungei.

---

Japanese

Kanji

榎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: か (ka)
• Kun: え (e, 榎); えのき (enoki, 榎)

Compounds

Compounds

• 榎草(えのきぐさ) (enokigusa)
• 榎茸(えのきたけ) (enokitake): enokitake
• 榎寺(えのきでら) (enokidera)
• 榎(え)の実(み) (enomi)
• 榎本(えのもと) (Enomoto): A surname.
• 椋榎(むくえのき) (mukuenoki)

Etymology 1

榎 (e, enoki): the Chinese hackberry tree.

Kanji in this term
榎
え Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation of this e. Some of these include:

• From 枝 (e, eda, “branch”), from the many branches
• From 餌 (e, esa, “food for animals”), from the multitude of berries eaten by birds
• From 柄 (e, “handle”), from the way the wood was used for tool handles

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [e̞]

Noun

榎(え) • (e) 

1. Celtis sinensis, the Chinese hackberry tree

   Synonym: (see below) 榎 (enoki)

2. (rare) the Chinese hackberry fruit

   Synonym: 榎の実 (e no mi, enoki no mi)

Usage notes

This reading is generally not used in isolation in modern Japanese.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
榎
えのき Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Compound of 榎 (e, “Chinese hackberry”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 木 (ki, “tree”). Compare the similar formation of various other tree names, such as 楠 (kusu, “camphor; camphor tree”) and 楠 (kusunoki, “camphor tree”).

Alternative forms

• 朴
• 𪱻

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) えのき [ènókí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [e̞no̞kʲi]

Noun

榎(えのき) • (enoki) 

1. Celtis sinensis, the Chinese hackberry tree

Proper noun

榎(えのき) • (Enoki) 

1. a surname

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as エノキ.

References

1. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3872), text here
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Further reading

Etymology at Nihonjiten (in Japanese)

---

Korean

Hanja

榎 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.