楽
|
Translingual
Traditional | 樂 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 楽 |
Simplified | 乐 |
Han character
楽 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈人木 (IOD) or X戈人木 (XIOD), four-corner 32904, composition ⿱⿻白⿱丷八木)
Derived characters
- 𭢫, 檪, 𭶒, 䃯, 𮝩, 𮣏, 𪴞, 𣛙, 薬
Related characters
- 樂 (Orthodox traditional form, also a Japanese kyūjitai)
References
- KangXi: not present, would follow page 542, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15213
- Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 8 (in addendum), page 20, character 14
- Unihan data for U+697D
Chinese
Glyph origin
Unorthodox variant simplified from 樂 (𢆶 → ⿱丷八) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《字學三正》. Also found in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字) that have existed since the Song dynasty.
Definitions
For pronunciation and definitions of 楽 – see 樂 (“music; tune; melody; song; to play music; to sing; etc.”). (This character, 楽, is a variant form of 樂.) |
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02016-003#33
Japanese
Shinjitai | 楽 |
Kyūjitai | 樂 |
Kanji
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 樂)
- music
- comfort, enjoyment
- ease, simplicity
- final day of a performance
Readings
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ŋˠauH):
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
- Kan-on: ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ŋˠʌk̚, “music, singing”):
- Go-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lɑk̚, “comfort, ease”):
- Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: このむ (konomu, 楽む); かなでる (kanaderu, 楽でる); たのしい (tanoshii, 楽しい, Jōyō); たのしむ (tanoshimu, 楽しむ, Jōyō); たのしみ (tanoshimi, 楽しみ)
- Nanori: ささ (sasa); もと (moto); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
- 楽楽 (rakuraku)
- 楽器 (gakki)
- 楽章 (gakushō)
- 能楽 (nōgaku)
- 能楽師 (nōgakushi)
- 楽団 (gakudan)
- 楽府 (gakufu)
- 楽譜 (gakufu)
- 楽園 (rakuen)
- 楽観 (rakkan)
- 楽勝 (rakushō)
- 楽天 (rakuten, “optimism”)
- 安楽 (anraku)
- 逸楽, 佚楽 (itsuraku)
- 快楽 (kairaku)
- 享楽 (kyōraku)
- 快楽 (keraku)
- 行楽 (kōraku)
- 後楽 (kōraku)
- 極楽 (gokuraku)
- 娯楽 (goraku)
- 道楽 (dōraku)
- 伯楽 (hakuraku)
- 右楽 (ugaku)
- 音楽 (ongaku, “music”)
- 雅楽 (gagaku)
- 器楽 (kigaku)
- 五楽 (gogaku)
- 左楽 (sagaku)
- 昇楽 (shōgaku)
- 声楽 (seigaku)
- 奏楽 (sōgaku)
- 舞楽 (bugaku, “music for traditional court dances”)
- 気楽 (kiraku)
- 五楽 (goraku)
- 楽府 (gafu)
- 神楽 (kagura, “kagura”)
- 独楽 (koma)
- 催馬楽 (Saibara)
- 伯楽 (bakurō)
- 安楽 (yasurai)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
楽 |
らく Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
樂 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lɑk̚).
Pronunciation 1
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) らく [ràkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]
Adjective
楽 • (raku) -na (adnominal 楽な (raku na), adverbial 楽に (raku ni), kyūjitai 樂)
- comfortable, enjoying
- Synonym: 安楽 (anraku)
- easy, simple
- 人生は楽ではない。
- Jinsei wa raku de wa nai.
- Life is not easy.
- 人生は楽ではない。
- rich, wealthy
- uncomplicated
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 楽だろ | らくだろ | raku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 楽で | らくで | raku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 楽だ | らくだ | raku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 楽な | らくな | raku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 楽なら | らくなら | raku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 楽であれ | らくであれ | raku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 楽ではない 楽じゃない | らくではない らくじゃない | raku de wa nai raku ja nai |
Informal past | 楽だった | らくだった | raku datta |
Informal negative past | 楽ではなかった 楽じゃなかった | らくではなかった らくじゃなかった | raku de wa nakatta raku ja nakatta |
Formal | 楽です | らくです | raku desu |
Formal negative | 楽ではありません 楽じゃありません | らくではありません らくじゃありません | raku de wa arimasen raku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 楽でした | らくでした | raku deshita |
Formal negative past | 楽ではありませんでした 楽じゃありませんでした | らくではありませんでした らくじゃありませんでした | raku de wa arimasen deshita raku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 楽で | らくで | raku de |
Conditional | 楽なら(ば) | らくなら(ば) | raku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 楽だったら | らくだったら | raku dattara |
Volitional | 楽だろう | らくだろう | raku darō |
Adverbial | 楽に | らくに | raku ni |
Degree | 楽さ | らくさ | rakusa |
Noun
楽 • (raku) (kyūjitai 樂)
- comfort, ease, enjoyment
- ease, simplicity
Derived terms
- 千秋楽, 千穐楽 (senshūraku)
- 能楽 (nōraku)
Pronunciation 2
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) らく [ráꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
楽 • (raku) (kyūjitai 樂)
- Short for 千秋楽 (senshūraku): the end of a performance; a finale; the last or end of something
- Short for 楽焼き (Raku-yaki): rakuware
Derived terms
- 楽日 (rakubi)
Proper noun
楽 • (Raku) (kyūjitai 樂)
- a male or female given name
- a surname
Derived terms
- 楽焼, 楽焼き (Raku-yaki)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
楽 |
がく Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
樂 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ŋˠʌk̚).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) がく [gáꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) がく [gàkú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
楽 • (gaku) (kyūjitai 樂)
- short for 音楽 (ongaku): music
- short for 雅楽 (gagaku): ancient-medieval Japanese court music, imported from the Chinese yayue
- (theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Derived terms
- 楽屋 (gakuya)
- 右方の楽 (uhō no gaku)
- 高麗楽, 狛楽 (Koma-gaku)
- 左方の楽 (sahō no gaku)
- 室内楽 (shitsunai-gaku, “chamber music”)
- 能楽 (nōgaku)
- 昇り楽, 登り楽 (noborigaku)
- 度羅楽, 吐羅楽 (Tora-gaku)
- 邦楽 (hōgaku)
- 道楽 (michigaku)
- 洋楽 (yōgaku)
Proper noun
楽 • (Gaku) (kyūjitai 樂)
- a surname
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
楽 |
このみ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
樂 (kyūjitai) |
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 好む (konomu, “to like, prefer”).
Proper noun
楽 • (Konomi) (kyūjitai 樂)
- a female given name
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN