棺

棺

棺 U+68FA, 棺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68FA ← 棹 [U+68F9] CJK Unified Ideographs 棻 → [U+68FB]

Translingual

Han character

棺 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十口口 (DJRR), four-corner 4397₇, composition ⿰木官)

References

• KangXi: page 535, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14993
• Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1238, character 9
• Unihan data for U+68FA

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		棺
alternative forms		栕 𣑄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (官) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
官	*koːn
棺	*koːn, *koːns
倌	*koːn, *kroːns
悹	*koːn, *koːnʔ, *koːns
涫	*koːn, *koːns
管	*koːnʔ
琯	*koːnʔ, *kuːns
痯	*koːnʔ, *koːns
輨	*koːnʔ
錧	*koːnʔ, *koːns
館	*koːnʔ, *koːns
婠	*koːns, *qoːn, *qruːd
悺	*koːns
逭	*ɡoːns
菅	*kroːn
綰	*qroːnʔ, *qroːns
捾	*qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːn, *koːns) : semantic 木 + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwaŋ (“trough; boat; box; tray”) (STEDT's provisional reconstruction).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guān (guan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ

  (Chengdu, SP): guan¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуан (guan, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gun¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gon¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): guon¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kôn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guon¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): guan¹
• Min Bei (KCR): guíng
• Min Dong (BUC): guăng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ / koan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guan¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): kuoe (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): gonn¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guan
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹
    • Yale: gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: guan¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: guan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuan⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуан (guan, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gun¹
    • Yale: gūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kᵘɔn³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: guon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɵn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gon´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: guan¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuæ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guíng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ / koan
    • Tâi-lô: kuann / kuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf, koafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴/, /kuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³/, /kuan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴/, /kuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴/, /kuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴/, /kuan⁴⁴/

Note:

• koaⁿ - vernacular;
• koan - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guan¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũã³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kuoe (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kv̩ʷø⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gonn¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kõ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /kuɑn/

Rime
Character	棺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古丸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwan/
Li Rong	/kuɑn/
Wang Li	/kuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwan ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷˁa[n]/
English	inner coffin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棺
Reading #	1/2
No.	4436
Phonetic component	官
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	官
Old Chinese	/*koːn/

Definitions

棺

1. (now Min Nan or in compounds) coffin

   • 鯉也死，有棺而無椁。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     鲤也死，有棺而无椁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Lǐ yě sǐ, yǒu guān ér wú guǒ. [Pinyin]

     There was Li; when he died, he had a coffin but no outer shell.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 棺材 (“coffin”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		棺, 木, 棺木
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		棺材, 棺木, 壽材 †
Mandarin	Beijing	棺材, 材
	Taiwan	棺材
	Harbin	棺材, 壽材 †
	Yantai (Muping)	棺材, 壽材 †
	Jinan	棺材, 壽材 †
	Luoyang	棺材, 坷漏
	Wanrong	壽木 †
	Xi'an	枋, 棺子, 棺材, 材, 壽材 †
	Yinchuan	棺材, 壽板 †, 壽材 †
	Xining	棺材, 棺木, 壽材 †
	Ürümqi	棺材, 壽材 †
	Wuhan	棺材, 壽木 †
	Chengdu	棺材, 枋子, 壽枋 †, 壽木 †
	Guiyang	木頭, 大木, 材子, 老家 †, 大老家 †, 壽木 †
	Guilin	棺材
	Liuzhou	棺木, 棺材, 四塊半, 壽枋 †, 壽板 †, 長生板 †
	Yangzhou	棺材, 壽材 †
	Nanjing	棺材, 四塊板, 壽材 †
	Hefei	棺材
	Singapore	棺材
	Dagudi (Maliba)	棺材
	Reshuitang (Longling)	棺材
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	棺材, 壽木 †
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	棺材
Cantonese	Guangzhou	棺材, 四塊半, 四塊板, 四方竇, 長生板
	Hong Kong	棺材, 四塊半, 長生板, 壽板
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	棺材, 壽板
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	棺材
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	棺材
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	棺材
	Macau	棺材, 壽板
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	棺材
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	棺材
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	棺材
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	棺材
	Foshan	棺材
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	棺材
	Foshan (Shunde)	棺材
	Foshan (Sanshui)	棺材
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	棺材
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	棺材
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	壽木
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	棺材
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	棺材
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	棺材
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	棺材
	Taishan	棺材
	Kaiping (Chikan)	木, 棺材
	Enping (Niujiang)	棺材
	Heshan (Yayao)	棺材
	Dongguan	棺材, 四塊半, 木訥, 壽材 †, 壽方 †
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	棺材
	Yangjiang	棺材
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	棺材, 四塊半, 壽板
	Singapore (Guangfu)	棺材
Gan	Nanchang	棺材, 壽材 †
	Lichuan	棺材, 壽木 †, 壽材 †
	Pingxiang	棺材, 長生, 料, 壽樹 †
Hakka	Meixian	棺材, 棺木, 長生板, 壽材
	Xingning	長生
	Dabu (Xihe)	棺材, 壽枋
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	棺材
	Huiyang	棺材, 長生
	Huidong (Daling)	長生, 大屋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	棺材
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	棺材
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	棺材
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	棺材
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	棺材
	Wuhua (Changbu)	棺材
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	棺材
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	棺材
	Wengyuan	木頭
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	木頭
	Liannan	壽棺材
	Conghua (Lütian)	棺材
	Jiexi	長生大屋, 長生板
	Luhe	棺材
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	棺木
	Changting	壽木
	Wuping	木頭
	Wuping (Yanqian)	棺木, 福板
	Wuping (Pingyu)	長生木
	Liancheng	木頭
	Ninghua	壽木, 老屋, 壽具, 蓄樹
	Yudu	棺材, 壽床, 老屋, 壽木 †
	Ningdu	萬年床
	Ruijin	壽櫃
	Shicheng	壽木
	Shangyou (Shexi)	壽木
	Tonggu (Sandu)	壽材
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	壽木
	Dayu	壽木
	Hong Kong	棺材, 壽房
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	棺材
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	長生
	Xinyi (Sihe)	棺材
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	棺材
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	棺材
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	棺材
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	棺材
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	長生, 壽板
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	棺材
	Mengshan (Xihe)	壽
	Luchuan	壽木
	Sabah (Longchuan)	棺材
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	棺材, 壽板, 棺木
	Senai (Huiyang)	棺材, 四塊半, 長生板
	Senai (Hepo)	棺材
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	棺樵, 大屋
	Singkawang	棺材
Huizhou	Jixi	棺材, 材, 壽材 †, 壽木 †
Jin	Taiyuan	棺材, 壽材 †, 壽木 †
	Xinzhou	棺材, 壽器 †, 大頭 †
Min Bei	Jian'ou	棺木, 四塊板
Min Dong	Fuzhou	棺材, 棺木, 壽板 †
Min Nan	Xiamen	棺柴, 棺, 壽板 †, 壽柴, 大厝 dated
	Quanzhou	棺柴, 棺, 壽柴
	Zhangzhou	棺柴, 棺, 壽板 †, 壽柴
	Taipei	棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
	Taipei (Wanhua)	棺柴
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	棺柴, 大壽 ‡
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	棺柴, 壽板 ‡
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	棺柴
	Kaohsiung	棺柴, 壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
	Yilan	棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
	Changhua (Lukang)	棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽 ‡
	Taichung	棺柴, 棺木 ‡
	Taichung (Wuqi)	棺柴
	Tainan	棺柴, 板仔, 大厝 ‡, 壽板 ‡, 大壽 ‡, 壽 ‡
	Taitung	棺柴
	Hsinchu	棺柴, 大壽 ‡
	Kinmen	棺柴, 壽板 ‡, 壽枋 ‡, 大厝 ‡, 棺木 ‡
	Penghu (Magong)	棺柴, 壽 ‡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	棺柴, 大厝
	Manila (Hokkien)	棺柴, 棺
	Chaozhou	棺柴
	Shantou	棺柴
	Shantou (Chenghai)	棺柴
	Jieyang	棺柴, 大厝
	Haifeng	棺柴
	Bangkok (Teochew)	棺柴, 大厝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	大厝, 四個半
	Singapore (Teochew)	棺柴
	Haikou	棺材, 壽板 †
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	棺材
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	棺材, 四塊半, 四合板, 壽木 †, 壽板 †
Wu	Shanghai	棺材, 壽材 †, 壽器 †
	Shanghai (Chongming)	棺材, 材, 壽材 †
	Suzhou	棺材, 壽材 †, 壽器 †
	Danyang	棺材, 壽材 †
	Hangzhou	棺材, 壽材 †
	Ningbo	棺材, 壽材 †
	Wenzhou	棺材, 枋
	Jinhua	棺材, 材, 壽材 †, 壽屋 †
Xiang	Changsha	棺材, 料, 棺木, 壽枋 †
	Loudi	棺材, 料, 長生 †, 壽器 †
	Shuangfeng	木, 大料
Note	† - prepared before one's death; ‡ - elegant form

• 壽棺／寿棺
• (Min Nan) 杉板, 薄板仔

Compounds

一棺之土 同棺 命棺 大劈棺 大棺 封棺 斲棺 杝棺 桐棺 桐棺三寸 梓棺 棺具 棺函 棺器 棺木 (guānmù) 棺材 (guāncai) 棺材座子 棺材本 (guāncaiběn) 棺材板 (guāncaibǎn) 棺材楦子 棺材瓤子 棺材穰子 棺束 棺柩 (guānjiù)

棺椑 棺槥 棺罩 (guānzhào) 棺衾 棺郭 正棺 水晶棺 玉棺 瓦棺 瓦棺篆鼎 白玉棺 石棺 (shíguān) 糊假棺 老棺材 起棺 通替棺 金棺 革棺 采棺 屬棺／属棺 弔棺／吊棺 懸棺葬／悬棺葬 東園梓棺／东园梓棺 棺中懸鏡／棺中悬镜

棺屍／棺尸 棺斂／棺敛 棺槨／棺椁 (guānguǒ) 棺櫝／棺椟 棺櫬／棺榇 棺殮／棺殓 棺殯槨葬／棺殡椁葬 棺蓋／棺盖 (guāngài) 棺釘／棺钉 棺錢／棺钱 棺題／棺题 棺飾／棺饰 (guānshì) 殯棺／殡棺 沒底棺材／没底棺材 蓋棺／盖棺 蓋棺事定／盖棺事定 蓋棺定論／盖棺定论 (gàiguāndìnglùn) 蓋棺論定／盖棺论定 (gàiguānlùndìng) 裏棺／里棺 輿棺／舆棺 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái) 闔棺／阖棺 飾棺／饰棺

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guān, guàn (guan¹, guan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ, ㄍㄨㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guan
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹
    • Yale: gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
    • Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
    • Yale: gwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /kuɑn^H/

Rime
Character	棺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古玩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwanH/
Li Rong	/kuɑnH/
Wang Li	/kuɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棺
Reading #	2/2
No.	4452
Phonetic component	官
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貫
Old Chinese	/*koːns/

Definitions

棺

1. (obsolete) to lay a body in a coffin

   • 為其所得者，棺而出之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     为其所得者，棺而出之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Wèi qí suǒ dé zhě, guān ér chū zhī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

References

• “棺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01952

---

Japanese

Kanji

棺

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. coffin

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kun: ひつぎ (hitsugi, 棺)

Compounds

• 棺(かん)桶(おけ) (kan'oke)
• 棺(かん)槨(かく), 棺(かん)椁(かく) (kankaku)
• 棺(かん)台(だい) (kandai)
• 棺(かん)箱(ばこ) (kanbako)
• 棺(かん)文(もん) (kanmon)
• 蓋(がい)棺(かん) (gaikan)
• 甕(かめ)棺(かん) (kamekan)
• 座(ざ)棺(かん), 坐(ざ)棺(かん) (zakan)
• 出(しゅっ)棺(かん) (shukkan)
• 水(すい)棺(かん) (suikan)
• 石(せき)棺(かん) (sekikan)
• 石(せっ)棺(かん) (sekkan)
• 陶(とう)棺(かん) (tōkan)
• 入(にゅう)棺(かん) (nyūkan)
• 寝(ね)棺(かん) (nekan)
• 納(のう)棺(かん) (nōkan)
• 木(もっ)棺(かん) (mokkan)
• 斂(れん)棺(かん) (renkan)

 

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
棺
ひつぎ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 棺 – see the following entry.

【ひつぎ】 [noun] coffin Alternative spellings 棺, 柩

(This term, 棺, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
棺
かん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 棺 (MC kuɑn).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

棺(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. coffin; casket

Derived terms

• 棺(かん)を蓋(おお)う (kan o ōu)
• 棺(かん)を蓋(おお)いて事(こと)定(さだ)まる (kan o ōite koto sadamaru)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 棺 (MC kuɑn).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kwa̠n]
• Phonetic hangul: [관]

Hanja

Wikisource棺 (eumhun 널 관 (neol gwan))

1. Hanja form^? of 관 (“coffin”).

Compounds

• 관곽 (棺槨, gwan'gwak)
• 관구 (棺柩, gwan'gu)
• 관대 (棺臺, gwandae)
• 관렴 (棺殮, gwallyeom)
• 관문 (棺文, gwanmun)
• 관상 (棺上, gwansang)
• 관의 (棺衣, gwanui)
• 관재 (棺材, gwanjae)
• 관판 (棺板, gwanpan)
• 개관 (改棺, gaegwan)
• 개관 (開棺, gaegwan)
• 개관 (蓋棺, gaegwan)
• 거관 (擧棺, geogwan)
• 결관 (結棺, gyeolgwan)
• 금관 (金棺, geumgwan)
• 납관 (納棺, napgwan)
• 내관 (內棺, naegwan)
• 노관 (露棺, nogwan)
• 대관 (大棺, daegwan)
• 도관 (陶棺, dogwan)
• 목관 (木棺, mokgwan)
• 석관 (石棺, seokgwan)
• 옹관 (甕棺, onggwan)
• 와관 (瓦棺, wagwan)
• 외관 (外棺, oegwan)
• 입관 (入棺, ipgwan)
• 출관 (出棺, chulgwan)
• 치관 (治棺, chigwan)
• 퇴관 (退棺, toegwan)
• 포관 (布棺, pogwan)
• 하관 (下棺, hagwan)
• 함관 (函棺, hamgwan)

 

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 棺

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Vietnamese

Han character

棺: Hán Nôm readings: quan

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.