棘

棘

棘 U+68D8, 棘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68D8 ← 棗 [U+68D7] CJK Unified Ideographs 棙 → [U+68D9]

Translingual

Han character

棘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木月木月 (DBDB), four-corner 5599₂, composition ⿰朿朿)

References

• KangXi: page 532, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14938
• Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1227, character 9
• Unihan data for U+68D8

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		棘
alternative forms		撠 to prick

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (棘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
棘	*krɯɡ
襋	*krɯɡ
蕀	*krɯɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kik¹, gik¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kit
• Min Nan (POJ): kiak / kek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jí
    • Wade–Giles: chi²
    • Yale: jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kik¹, gik¹
    • Yale: kīk, gīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kik⁷, gik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: kig¹, gig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɪk̚⁵/, /kɪk̚⁵/

Note:

• kik1 — colloquial;
• gik1 — literary, especially in 荊棘／荆棘 (ging1 gik1).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
    • Hakka Romanization System: gid`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiak
    • Tâi-lô: kiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek
    • Tâi-lô: kik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨk̚/

Rime
Character	棘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	紀力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kik̚/
Li Rong	/kiək̚/
Wang Li	/kĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*krək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kik ›
Old Chinese	/*krək/
English	thorns
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棘
Reading #	1/1
No.	5745
Phonetic component	棘
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	殛
Old Chinese	/*krɯɡ/

Definitions

棘

1. jujube tree
2. thorny bush; bramble
3. thorns
4. thorny
5. to prick
6. Synonym of 戟 (jǐ, “halberd”).

Compounds

撤棘 棘手 (jíshǒu) 棘蒬 披荊斬棘／披荆斩棘 (pījīngzhǎnjí)

披荊棘／披荆棘 滿地荊棘／满地荆棘 舉動荊棘／举动荆棘 (jǔdòngjīngjí) 荊棘／荆棘 (jīngjí)

荊棘佈道／荆棘布道 荊棘律／荆棘律 荊棘銅駝／荆棘铜驼 銅駝荊棘／铜驼荆棘

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Japanese

Kanji

棘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こく (koku)
• Kan-on: きょく (kyoku)
• Kun: いばら (ibara, 棘); とげ (toge, 棘)

Compounds

• 風棘(ふうきょく) (fūkyoku): tuberculous dactylitis

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
棘
とげ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

• 刺

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) とげ​ [tògéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ɡe̞]

Noun

棘(とげ) • (toge) 

1. thorn

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
棘
いばら Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

umara → ubara → ibara.

Alternative forms

• 茨, 荊

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) いばら [ìbárá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [iba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

棘(いばら) • (ibara) 

1. a shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar
2. thorn
3. a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose

Derived terms

• 薔薇(ばら) (bara): any shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar; a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

棘 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

棘: Hán Nôm readings: gấc, cức

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.