棄

See also: 弃

棄	U+68C4, 棄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68C4

← 棃
[U+68C3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棅 →
[U+68C5]

Translingual

Han character

棄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8 in Chinese, 木+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜戈廿木 (YITD), four-corner 0090₄, composition ⿳𠫓丗木)

References

KangXi: page 531, character 15

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14913

Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1237, character 7

Unihan data for U+68C4

Chinese

trad.		棄
simp.		弃
alternative forms		弆甭

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 子 (“child”) + 𠀠 (“basket”) + 廾 (“two hands”) - throwing out a child in a basket. 子 was often inverted as 𠫓.

In the oracle bone script form, 子 may appear with dots on either side of its head and body, perhaps representing amniotic fluid or dust.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hi / khi
Min Dong (BUC): ké
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khì
(Teochew, Peng'im): ki³
Wu (Wiktionary): qi (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei³
  - Yale: hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi / khi
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi / ki
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi⁴ / ki⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵/, /kʰi⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ké
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ki³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: qi (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kʰiɪ^H/

Rime
Character	棄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	詰利切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰjɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰi^H/
Li Rong	/kʰi^H/
Wang Li	/kʰi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]i[t]-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰlids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qì
Middle Chinese	‹ khjij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]i[t]-s/
English	throw away, abandon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棄
Reading #	1/1
No.	10171
Phonetic component	棄
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	棄
Old Chinese	/*kʰlids/

Definitions

棄

to abandon; to discard; to reject
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 棄

不棄／不弃 (bùqì)
不棄糟糠／不弃糟糠
丟棄／丢弃 (diūqì)
丟盔棄甲／丢盔弃甲
人棄我取／人弃我取
前功皆棄／前功皆弃
前功盡棄／前功尽弃 (qiángōngjìnqì)
厭棄／厌弃 (yànqì)
吐棄／吐弃 (tǔqì)
唾棄／唾弃 (tuòqì)
噬指棄薪／噬指弃薪
天人共棄／天人共弃
如棄敝屣／如弃敝屣 (rúqìbìxǐ)
始亂終棄／始乱终弃 (shǐluànzhōngqì)
委棄／委弃
嫌棄／嫌弃 (xiánqì)
屏棄／屏弃 (bǐngqì)
帷蓋不棄／帷盖不弃
廢棄／废弃 (fèiqì)
廢棄物／废弃物
得新棄舊／得新弃旧
憐新棄舊／怜新弃旧
扔棄／扔弃 (rēngqì)
拋妻棄子／抛妻弃子 (pāoqīqìzǐ)
拋戈棄甲／抛戈弃甲
拋棄／抛弃 (pāoqì)
拋金棄鼓／抛金弃鼓
拚棄／拚弃
捐棄／捐弃
捐棄成見／捐弃成见
捨棄／舍弃 (shěqì)
揚棄／扬弃 (yángqì)
摒棄／摒弃 (bìngqì)
撇棄／撇弃 (piēqì)
播棄／播弃
擯棄／摈弃 (bìnqì)
放棄／放弃 (fàngqì)
故舊不棄／故旧不弃

明棄暗取／明弃暗取
棄世／弃世 (qìshì)
棄之可惜／弃之可惜
棄井／弃井
棄保潛逃／弃保潜逃 (qìbǎoqiántáo)
棄兒／弃儿 (qì'ér)
棄厭／弃厌
棄取／弃取
棄大就小／弃大就小
棄如弁髦／弃如弁髦
棄婦／弃妇 (qìfù)
棄嫌／弃嫌 (qìxián)
棄嬰／弃婴 (qìyīng)
棄守／弃守 (qìshǒu)
棄官歸田／弃官归田
棄官歸鄉／弃官归乡 (qì guān guī xiāng)
棄市／弃市 (qìshì)
棄弓折箭／弃弓折箭
棄捐／弃捐
棄捨／弃舍
棄擲／弃掷
棄文就武／弃文就武
棄暗投明／弃暗投明 (qì'àntóumíng)
棄本逐末／弃本逐末
棄械／弃械 (qìxiè)
棄權／弃权 (qìquán)
棄武修文／弃武修文
棄武競文／弃武竞文
棄物／弃物
棄瑕取用／弃瑕取用
棄瑕錄用／弃瑕录用
棄璧負嬰／弃璧负婴
棄甲／弃甲
棄甲拋戈／弃甲抛戈
棄甲曳兵／弃甲曳兵
棄短取長／弃短取长
棄筆／弃笔

棄絕／弃绝 (qìjué)
棄置／弃置 (qìzhì)
棄義背理／弃义背理
棄背／弃背
棄舊圖新／弃旧图新 (qìjiùtúxīn)
棄舊憐新／弃旧怜新
棄舊換新／弃旧换新 (qìjiùhuànxīn)
棄若敝屣／弃若敝屣 (qìruòbìxǐ)
棄觚／弃觚
棄言／弃言
棄車保帥／弃车保帅 (qìjūbǎoshuài)
棄過圖新／弃过图新
棄邪從正／弃邪从正
棄邪歸正／弃邪归正
棄養／弃养 (qìyàng)
毀棄／毁弃
淪棄／沦弃
神怒人棄／神怒人弃
終軍棄繻／终军弃𦈡
絕仁棄義／绝仁弃义
絕聖棄智／绝圣弃智 (juéshèngqìzhì)
絕聖棄知／绝圣弃知
背信棄義／背信弃义 (bèixìnqìyì)
背棄／背弃 (bèiqì)
自暴自棄／自暴自弃 (zìbàozìqì)
自棄／自弃 (zìqì)
蔑棄／蔑弃
見棄／见弃 (jiànqì)
許由棄瓢／许由弃瓢
遐棄／遐弃
遺棄／遗弃 (yíqì)
遺棄罪／遗弃罪
遺珠棄璧／遗珠弃璧
鄙棄／鄙弃 (bǐqì)
離棄／离弃 (líqì)
黃鐘毀棄／黄钟毁弃
黃鐘長棄／黄钟长弃

Japanese

Kanji

棄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

discard, throw out, throw away

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: すてる (suteru, 棄てる)

Compounds

放棄(ほうき) (hōki), 抛棄(ほうき) (hōki): abandonment, giving up; renunciation

Korean

Hanja

棄 (eumhun 버릴 기 (beoril gi))

Hanja form^? of 기 (“reject, abandon, discard”).

Vietnamese

Han character

棄: Hán Nôm readings: khí

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