械

械

械 U+68B0, 械 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68B0 ← 梯 [U+68AF] CJK Unified Ideographs 梱 → [U+68B1]

Translingual

Han character

械 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木戈廿 (DIT), four-corner 4395₀, composition ⿰木戒)

References

• KangXi: page 531, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14882
• Dae Jaweon: page 919, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 6
• Unihan data for U+68B0

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		械

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (戒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
祴	*kɯː
駴	*ɡrɯːʔ
戒	*krɯːɡs
誡	*krɯːɡs
悈	*krɯːɡs, *kɯɡ
械	*ɡrɯːɡs
裓	*kɯːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haai⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): hāi / hâi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siè
    • Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
    • Yale: syè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
    • Palladius: се (se)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haai⁶
    • Yale: haaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi / hâi
    • Tâi-lô: hāi / hâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hai, haai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hai²²/, /hai²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁴¹/, /hai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai²²/, /hai¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hai³³/, /hai²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai³³/, /hai²³/

Note:

• hāi - literary;
• hâi - vernacular (俗).

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 械
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ⁵¹/ /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiə¹³/ /t͡sɛ¹³/ /kɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiai¹³/ /kai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕie²¹³/ 新 /kai²¹³/ 老
	Kunming	/kæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦie²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦie̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ka³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/ka⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kai⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/kai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/hai⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/hɑi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hai²²/
	Nanning	/hai²²/
	Hong Kong	/hai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hai²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hai³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kai³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛi^H/

Rime
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡介切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjH/
Li Rong	/ɣɛiH/
Wang Li	/ɣɐiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-k]ˤrək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛjH ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-k]ˁrək-s/
English	fetters; weapon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
No.	6547
Phonetic component	戒
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	械
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːɡs/

Definitions

械

1. weapons
2. implements; instruments

Compounds

兵械 刀杖器械 刀械 器械 (qìxiè) 械用 警械 器械體操／器械体操 械彈／械弹

械繫／械系 械鬥／械斗 (xièdòu) 棄械／弃械 (qìxiè) 槍械／枪械 (qiāngxiè) 機械／机械 (jīxiè) 機械化／机械化 (jīxièhuà) 機械工業／机械工业 機械手／机械手

機械效率／机械效率 機械油／机械油 機械能／机械能 (jīxiènéng) 機械論／机械论 (jīxièlùn) 簡單機械／简单机械 (jiǎndān jīxiè) 繳械／缴械 (jiǎoxiè) 藥械／药械 軍械／军械 (jūnxiè)

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Japanese

Kanji

械

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. contraption

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
• Kun: かせ (kase, 械)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
械
かい Grade: 4
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 械 (MC ɦˠɛi^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

械(かい) • (kai) 

1. machine; instrument
2. contraption; fetter

Noun

械(かい) • (kai) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Korean

Hanja

械 (eumhun 형틀 계 (hyeongteul gye))

1. Hanja form^? of 계 (“weapons, instruments”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

械: Hán Nôm readings: giới

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.