梗

梗

梗 U+6897, 梗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6897 ← 梖 [U+6896] CJK Unified Ideographs 梘 → [U+6898]

Translingual

Han character

梗 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木一中大 (DMLK), four-corner 4194₆, composition ⿰木更)

Derived characters

• 𠼰

Further reading

• KangXi: page 529, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14849
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1210, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6897

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		梗
alternative forms		莖／茎 Cantonese vernacular 框 Cantonese vernacular

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
更	*kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳	*kraːŋ
埂	*kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭	*kraːŋ
稉	*kraːŋ
梗	*kraːŋʔ
哽	*kraːŋʔ
綆	*kraːŋʔ
鯁	*kraːŋʔ
挭	*kraːŋʔ
骾	*kraːŋʔ
郠	*kraːŋʔ
硬	*ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕	*ŋɡraːŋs
丙	*pqraŋʔ
炳	*praŋʔ
邴	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪	*praŋʔ
蛃	*praŋʔ
昺	*praŋʔ
昞	*praŋʔ
窉	*praŋʔ
柄	*praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵	*praŋs
寎	*praŋs
病	*braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraːŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) – a type of plant.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gěng (geng³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): gen³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gang², kwaang², gwaang²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gang²

• Gan (Wiktionary): gien³ / guang³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): koáng / káng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guang³ / gang³

• Jin (Wiktionary): geng²
• Min Bei (KCR): gǎing / guǎng
• Min Dong (BUC): gēng / guāng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kéng / kńg / kēng / kíⁿ / kéⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên²

• Wu (Wiktionary): kan (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): gen³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gěng
    • Wade–Giles: kêng³
    • Yale: gěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geeng
    • Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (梗兒／梗儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gěngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gěngr
    • Wade–Giles: kêngrh³
    • Yale: gěngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geengl
    • Palladius: гэнр (gɛnr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ̃ɻ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gen³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gang², kwaang², gwaang²
    • Yale: gáng, kwáang, gwáang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gang², kwaang², gwaang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geng², kuang², guang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ³⁵/, /kʷʰaːŋ³⁵/, /kʷaːŋ³⁵/

Note:

• gang2 - literary;
• kwaang2, gwaang2 - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gien³ / guang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛn²¹³/, /kuaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• gien3 - literary;
• guang3 - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koáng / káng
    • Hakka Romanization System: guang` / gang`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guang³ / gang³
    • Sinological IPA: /koaŋ³¹/, /kaŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guang³ / gang³
    • Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/, /kaŋ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: geng²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kə̃ŋ⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎing / guǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹/, /kuaŋ²¹/

Note:

• gǎing - literary;
• guǎng - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gēng / guāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ³³/, /kuaŋ³³/

Note:

• gēng - literary;
• guāng - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
    • Tâi-lô: kíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kńg
    • Tâi-lô: kńg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kēng
    • Tâi-lô: kīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kíⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kénn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvea
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kẽ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kẽ⁵³/

Note:

• kéng/kńg/kēng - literary;
• kíⁿ/kéⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gên²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kan (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gen³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠæŋ^X/

Rime
Character	梗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古杏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/kɐŋX/
Wang Li	/kɐŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	梗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gěng
Middle Chinese	‹ kængX ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋʔ/
English	suffering
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	梗
Reading #	1/1
No.	871
Phonetic component	丙
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	梗
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋʔ/

Definitions

梗

1. ^† Alternative name for 刺榆 (“Hemiptelea davidii”).
2. ^† (of plants) to prick
3. ^† spiny plant
4. stem; stalk

   他愛吃菜葉兒，不愛吃梗兒。 [MSC, trad.]
   他爱吃菜叶儿，不爱吃梗儿。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā ài chī cài yèr, bù ài chī gěngr. [Pinyin]

   He loves to eat the leaves of vegetables, not the stems.

   佢中意食葉，唔中意食梗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢中意食叶，唔中意食梗。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ zung¹ ji³ sik⁶ jip⁶, m⁴ zung¹ ji³ sik⁶ kwaang². [Jyutping]

   He likes to eat the leaves, not the stem.

5. broad outline; general idea; gist
6. (alt. form 哏) punchline; reference; humorous reference

   「廣東人吃福建人」是什麼梗？ [MSC, trad.]
   “广东人吃福建人”是什么梗？ [MSC, simp.]

   “guǎngdōngrén chī fújiànrén” shì shénme gěng? [Pinyin]

   What's the joke behind "Cantonese people eat Fujianese people?"

7. to block; to obstruct; to hinder
8. ^† to resist; to defy
9. to straighten up; to stiffen
10. upright; straightforward; upstanding
11. (Cantonese) stiff; tight

    坐咗成日，坐到條腰都梗嗮。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    坐咗成日，坐到条腰都梗嗮。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    co⁵ zo² seng⁴ jat⁶, co⁵ dou³ tiu⁴ jiu¹ dou¹ gang² saai³. [Jyutping]

    My lower back's all stiff after sitting all day.

12. (Cantonese) fixed; immovable
13. (Cantonese) certainly; definitely; of course

    你咁叻，梗會搵到工嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你咁叻，梗会揾到工嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    nei⁵ gam³ lek¹, gang² wui⁵ wan² dou^3-2 gung¹ ge³. [Jyutping]

    You're so smart; you'll definitely be able to find a job.

14. ^† strong; violent
15. ^† illness; disaster
16. (Internet slang) meme
17. a surname

Compounds

作梗 (zuògěng) 土偶桃梗 土梗 心肌梗塞 (xīnjī gěngsè) 悍梗 桔梗 (jiégěng) 梗塞 (gěngsè) 梗概 (gěnggài) 梗泛 梗直

梗阻 (gěngzǔ) 浮梗 浮萍浪梗 老梗 花梗 (huāgěng) 萍梗 阻梗 強梗／强梗 從中作梗／从中作梗

斷梗流萍／断梗流萍 斷梗飄萍／断梗飘萍 斷梗飄蓬／断梗飘蓬 斷梗飛蓬／断梗飞蓬 橫梗／横梗 浮萍斷梗／浮萍断梗 萍蹤梗跡／萍踪梗迹 頑梗／顽梗 (wángěng) 飄蓬斷梗／飘蓬断梗

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Japanese

Kanji

梗

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: やまにれ (yamanire)

Compounds

• 桔(き)梗(きょう) (kikyō)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 梗 (MC kˠæŋ^X).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: kǒyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 겨ᇰ〯 (kyěng) (Yale: kyěng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [경]

Hanja

Wikisource梗 (eumhun 줄기 경 (julgi gyeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 경 (“stem; stalk”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 경색 (梗塞, gyeongsaek, “blockage; (medicine) infarction”)
• 뇌경색 (腦梗塞, noegyeongsaek, “(neurology, diseases) ischaemic stroke”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

梗: Hán Nôm readings: ngành, cánh, cạnh, cành, chành, ngạnh, gánh, ngáng, ngánh, nhành, nhánh, gảnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.