柵

柵

See also: 栅 and 棚

柵 U+67F5, 柵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F5 ← 柴 [U+67F4] CJK Unified Ideographs 柶 → [U+67F6]

Translingual

Han character

柵 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月廿 (DBT), four-corner 4794₀, composition ⿰木冊)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14665
• Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 1
• Unihan data for U+67F5

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Chinese

trad.		柵
simp.		栅
alternative forms		𣑭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (删) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
珊	*slaːn
跚	*slaːn
姗	*slaːn
删	*sraːn
栅	*sʰraːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sraːns

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhà, shān, shàn, shā, shi (zha⁴, shan¹, shan⁴, sha¹, shi⁵)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ, ㄕㄢ, ㄕㄢˋ, ㄕㄚ, ˙ㄕ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caak³, zaap³, saan³
• Jin (Wiktionary): za³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
    • Wade–Giles: cha⁴
    • Yale: jà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shān
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shan
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹
    • Yale: shān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
    • Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
    • Wade–Giles: shan⁴
    • Yale: shàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
    • Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
      
  • (Beijing dialect)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sha
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹
    • Yale: shā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • Palladius: ша (ša)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
      
  • (Beijing dialect)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shi
    • Zhuyin: ˙ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: shih⁵
    • Yale: shr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .shy
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩/

Note:

• shā - used in 柵欄;
• shi - used in 大柵欄.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caak³, zaap³, saan³
    • Yale: chaak, jaap, saan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaak⁸, dzaap⁸, saan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cag³, zab³, san³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːk̚³/, /t͡saːp̚³/, /saːn³³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: za³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sa⁴⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʃˠan^H/, /t͡ʃʰˠiæk̚/, /t͡ʃʰˠɛk̚/

Rime
Character	柵	柵	柵
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)	庚 (115)	耕 (119)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III	II
Fanqie	所晏切	測戟切	楚革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠanH/	/t͡ʃʰˠiæk̚/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚanH/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiak̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃɐnH/	/t͡ʃʰiak̚/	/t͡ʃʰɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨnH/	/ʈ͡ʂʰiajk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʃanH/	/t͡ʃʰiɐk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɛk̚/
Wang Li	/ʃanH/	/t͡ʃʰĭɐk̚/	/t͡ʃʰæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂanH/	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɐk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàn	chi	che
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan3	cik1	cak1

Definitions

柵

1. fence
2. palisade

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shān, zhà (shan¹, zha⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ, ㄓㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shān
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shan
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹
    • Yale: shān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
    • Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
    • Wade–Giles: cha⁴
    • Yale: jà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹
    • Yale: sāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

柵

1. Only used in 柵極／栅极 and 光柵／光栅 (guāngshān).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cè (ce⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caak³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cè
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cè
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻê⁴
    • Yale: tsè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tseh
    • Palladius: цэ (cɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caak³
    • Yale: chaak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: cag³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːk̚³/

Definitions

柵

1. Only used in 上柵／上栅 and 下柵／下栅, place names in Zhongshan, Guangdong.

Compounds

光柵／光栅 (guāngshān) 寨柵／寨栅 柵剌子／栅剌子 柵子／栅子

柵極／栅极 柵欄／栅栏 (zhàlán) 柵門／栅门 欄柵／栏栅 (lánzhà)

水柵／水栅 花柵子／花栅子 豚柵／豚栅

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Japanese

Kanji

柵

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. fence, stockade
2. fort
3. weir

Readings

• Go-on: しゃく (shaku); せん (sen)
• Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō); さん (san)
• Kun: しがらみ (shigarami, 柵); しがらむ (shigaramu, 柵む); とりで (toride, 柵); やらい (yarai, 柵)

Compounds

Compounds

• 柵(さく)戸(こ) (sakuko)
• 柵(さく)址(し) (sakushi)
• 柵塁(さくるい) (sakurui)
• 砦柵(さいさく) (saisaku)
• 城柵(じょうさく) (jōsaku)
• 竹柵(ちくさく) (chikusaku)
• 鉄柵(てっさく) (tessaku)
• 馬柵(うませ) (umase), 馬柵(ませ) (mase)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
柵
さく Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 柵 (MC t͡ʃʰˠiæk̚).

Compare modern Cantonese 柵 (caak³).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) さく​ [sàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

柵(さく) • (saku) 

1. a fence

   Synonym: 垣 (kaki)

2. (by extension) a wooden fort

   Synonym: 塞, 砦 (toride)

3. a weir

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 柵(さく)際(ぎわ) (sakugiwa)
• 柵杭(さくくい) (sakukui)
• 柵(さく)の木(き) (saku no ki)
• 柵(さく)門(もん) (sakumon)
• 柵(さく)矢来(やらい) (sakuyarai)
• 厨(くりや)川(がわ)の柵(さく) (Kuriyagawa no Saku)
• 電気(でんき)柵(さく) (denkisaku), 電(でん)柵(さく) (densaku)
• 渟(ぬ)足(たりの)柵(さく) (Nutari no Saku)
• 牧(ぼく)柵(さく) (bokusaku)
• 槍(やり)柵(さく) (yarisaku)
• 欄柵(らんさく) (ransaku)

Proper noun

柵(さく) • (Saku) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
柵
しがらみ Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨siɡarami₁⟩ → /siɡaramʲi/ → /ɕiɡarami/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 柵む (shigaramu, “to entangle”).[2]

Alternative forms

• 笧

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) しがらみ [shìgárámí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕiɡa̠ɾa̠mʲi]

Noun

柵(しがらみ) • (shigarami) 

1. a weir
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 2, poem 197)

     明日香(あすか)川(がは)四我良美(しがらみ)渡(わた)之(し)塞益(せかませ)者(ば)進(ながる)留(る)水(みづ)母(も)能杼尓賀(のどにか)有(あら)萬思(まし) [Man'yōgana]

     明日香(あすか)川(がは)しがらみ渡(わた)し塞(せ)かませば流(なが)るる水(みづ)ものどにかあらまし [Modern spelling]

     Asuka-gawa shigarami watashi sekamaseba nagaruru mizu mo nodo ni ka aramashi

     Asuka River―if one were to fence the stream, blocking it with weirs, surely the rushing water would lie calm within its banks.[3]

   • 905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 303; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 32)

     山川(やまがは)に風(かぜ)のかけたるしがらみは流(なが)れもあへぬ紅葉(もみぢ)なりけり

     yamagawa ni kaze no kaketaru shigarami wa nagare mo aenu momiji narikeri

     the autumn leaves are unable to resist the current flowing past the weir built by the wind in the deep mountain river.[4]

2. (by extension) an obstacle

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 柵(しがらみ)伏(ふ)す (shigaramifusu)
• 風(かぜ)の柵(しがらみ) (kaze no shigarami)
• 義理(ぎり)の柵(しがらみ) (giri no shigarami)
• 鹿(しか)の柵(しがらみ) (shika no shigarami)
• 袖(そで)の柵(しがらみ) (sode no shigarami)
• 流(なが)し柵(しがらみ) (nagashi-shigarami)
• 冬(ふゆ)の柵(しがらみ) (fuyu no shigarami)

Proper noun

柵(しがらみ) • (Shigarami) 

1. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
柵
き Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨ki₂⟩ → */kʷɨ/ → /ki/

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

• 城

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

Noun

柵(き) • (ki) 

1. a fortress

   Synonyms: 城 (shiro), 砦 (toride)

Derived terms

• 柵戸(きのへ) (kinohe), 柵戸(きへ) (kihe)
• 雄(お)勝(かち)の柵(き) (Okachi no Ki)
• 金沢(かねざわ)の柵(き) (Kanezawa no Ki)
• 渟(ぬ)足(たりの)柵(き) (Nutari no Ki)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
柵
くえ Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨kupe₁⟩ → */kupʲe/ → /kufe/ → /kuwe/ → /kue/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝe̞]

Noun

柵(くえ) • (kue) ^{←くへ (kufe)?}

1. (obsolete) a fence
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3537), text here

     久敝(くへ)胡之尓(こしに)武藝波武古宇馬能(むぎはむこうまの)波都々々尓(はつはつに)安比見之兒良之(あひみしこらし)安夜尓可奈思母(あやにかなしも) [Man'yōgana]

     くへ越(こ)しに麦(むぎ)食(は)む小(こ)馬(うま)のはつはつに相(あひ)見(み)し子(こ)らしあやに愛(かな)しも [Modern spelling]

     kuekoshi ni mugi hamu kouma no hatsuhatsu ni aimishi korashi aya ni kanashi mo

     Like a horse going over a fence and eating wheat, I barely see her; how lovely she is.

   Synonym: 崩垣 (kuegaki)

2. the exit and entrance of a port

Derived terms

• 柵(くえ)越(こ)し (kuekoshi)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 217
4. Laurel Rasplica Rodd; Mary Catherine Henkenius (1996) Kokinshū: A Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern, reprint edition, Cheng & Tsui, →ISBN, page 134

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 柵 (MC t͡ʃʰˠiæk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄎᆡᆨ〮 (chóyk) (Yale: chóyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰɛk̚] ~ [t͡ɕʰe̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [책/첵]

Hanja

Wikisource柵 (eumhun 울타리 책 (ultari chaek))

1. Hanja form^? of 책 (“fence”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 철책 (鐵柵, cheolchaek)
• 목책 (木柵, mokchaek)
• 책루 (柵壘, chaengnu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

柵: Hán Nôm readings: sách

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation