東風

東風

See also: 东风

Chinese

		east	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (東風)		東	風
simp. (东风)		东	风

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dōngfēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ fung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tûng-fûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dung¹ fung¹

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tang-hong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ huang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dongfong
    • Wade–Giles: tung¹-fêng¹
    • Yale: dūng-fēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfeng
    • Palladius: дунфэн (dunfɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung¹ fung¹
    • Yale: dūng fūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ fung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-fûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung´ fung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dung¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hong
    • Tâi-lô: tang-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: danghofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang¹ huang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang huang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tuŋ  pɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	東	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	德紅切	方戎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung1	fung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ  prəm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ  plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*prəm/
English	east	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	2435	2921
Phonetic component	東	凡
Rime group	東	侵
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	東	風
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*plum/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注

Noun

東風

1. easterly (a persistent wind from the east)
2. (literary, poetic) spring wind

   • 東風破早梅，向暖一枝開 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     东风破早梅，向暖一枝开 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 《早梅詩》

     dōngfēng pò zǎo méi, xiàng nuǎn yī zhī kāi [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. (figurative) favourable situation; momentum or driving force (e.g. of revolution)

Synonyms

• (spring wind): 春風／春风 (chūnfēng)

Antonyms

• (easterly wind): 西風／西风 (xīfēng), (literary, figurative) 終風／终风 (zhōngfēng)
• (spring wind): 西風／西风 (xīfēng)
• (favourable situation): 西風／西风 (xīfēng)

Derived terms

不是東風壓了西風，就是西風壓了東風／不是东风压了西风，就是西风压了东风 借東風／借东风 只欠東風／只欠东风 東風化雨／东风化雨 (dōngfēnghuàyǔ) 東風吹馬耳／东风吹马耳

東風壓倒西風／东风压倒西风 東風射馬耳／东风射马耳 諸葛亮借東風／诸葛亮借东风 (Zhūgě Liàng jiè dōngfēng) 馬耳東風／马耳东风 (mǎ'ěrdōngfēng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東風):

• → Japanese: 東風(とうふう) (tōfū)

Proper noun

東風

1. (～社區) Dongfeng (a residentialcommunity in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)
2. (～村) Dongfeng (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東風):

• → Japanese: 東風(とうふう) (Tōfū)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
東	風
こち
Grade: 2	Grade: 2
jukujikun

*⟨ko₁ti⟩ → */kʷoti/*⟨ko₂ti⟩ → */kəti/ → /kot͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

The final chi is cognate with the -te in 疾風 (hayate, “gale”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ち [kóꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞t͡ɕi]

Noun

東風(こち) • (kochi) 

1. an easterly, wind blowing from the east

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 東風(こち)菜(な) (kochina)
• 東風(こち)の風(かぜ) (kochi no kaze)
• 東風(こち)吹(ふ)く風(かぜ) (kochi fuku kaze)
• 青(あお)東風(こち) (aokochi)
• 朝(あさ)東風(ごち) (asagochi)
• いなさ東風(ごち) (inasagochi)
• 北(きた)東風(ごち) (kitagochi)
• 強(つよ)東風(ごち) (tsuyogochi)
• 土(ど)用(よう)東風(こち) (doyō kochi)
• 星(ほし)の入(い)り東風(ごち) (hoshi no irigochi)
• 真(ま)東風(こち) (makochi)
• 南(みなみ)東風(ごち) (minamigochi)
• 夕(ゆう)東風(ごち) (yūgochi)

Proper noun

東風(こち) • (Kochi) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
東	風
Grade: 2	かぜ Grade: 2
irregular	kun’yomi

Compound of 東風 (kochi, see above) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

Noun

東風(こちかぜ) • (kochikaze) 

1. an easterly, wind blowing from the east

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
東	風
ひがし Grade: 2	かぜ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 東 (higashi, “east”) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひがしかぜ [hìgáshíkázé] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• (Tokyo) ひがし​かぜ [hìgáshíꜜkàzè] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
• IPA^(key): [çiɡa̠ɕi̥ka̠ze̞]

Noun

東(ひがし)風(かぜ) • (higashikaze) 

1. an easterly, wind blowing from the east

   Antonym: 西風 (nishikaze)

Proper noun

東(ひがし)風(かぜ) • (Higashikaze) 

1. a surname

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
東	風
ひがし Grade: 2	ふう Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

From 東 (higashi, “east”) +‎ 風 (fū, “style”).

Noun

東(ひがし)風(ふう) • (higashifū) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   Antonym: 西風 (nishifū)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
東	風
あずま Grade: 2	かぜ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 東 (azuma, “east”, archaic) +‎ 風 (kaze, “wind”).

Proper noun

東(あずま)風(かぜ) • (Azumakaze) ^{←あづまかぜ (adumakaze)?}

1. a surname

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
東	風
とう Grade: 2	ふう Grade: 2
kan’on	goon

From Middle Chinese 東風 (MC tuŋ pɨuŋ).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とーふう [tòófúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːɸɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

東(とう)風(ふう) • (tōfū) 

1. an easterly, wind blowing from the east

   Antonym: 西風 (seifū)

2. spring winds

   Synonym: 春風 (harukaze)

Derived terms

• 熱(ねっ)帯(たい)東(とう)風(ふう) (nettai tōfū)
• 偏(へん)東(とう)風(ふう) (hentōfū)

Idioms

• 馬(ば)耳(じ)東(とう)風(ふう) (bajitōfū)

Proper noun

東(とう)風(ふう) • (Tōfū) 

1. a placename, especially Dongfeng in China

See also

• あいの風(かぜ) (ai no kaze), あえの風(かぜ) (ae no kaze), both derived from Old Japanese 東風 (ayu)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Old Japanese

Noun

東風 (ayu) (kana あゆ)

1. an easterly (wind blowing from the east)

Derived terms

• 東風の風 (ayu no₂ kaze)

Descendants

• Japanese: あいの風 (ai no kaze), あえの風 (ae no kaze)

Etymology 2

The final ti is likely cognate with classical Japanese 疾風 (hayachi), modern 疾風 (hayate, “gale”).

Noun

東風 (*ko₁ti or *ko₂ti) (kana こち)

1. an easterly (wind blowing from the east)

Derived terms

• 朝東風 (*asagoti)

Descendants

• Japanese: 東風 (kochi)