東方

東方

See also: 东方

Chinese

		east	square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
trad. (東方)		東	方
simp. (东方)		东	方

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dōngfāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄤ

  (Chengdu, SP): dong¹ fang¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дунфон (dunfon, I-I) / дунфон (dunfon, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ fong¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tûng-fông

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dung¹ fong¹

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tong-hong / tang-hong / tang-hng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ huang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dongfang
    • Wade–Giles: tung¹-fang¹
    • Yale: dūng-fāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfang
    • Palladius: дунфан (dunfan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dōngfāngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄤㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dongfangr
    • Wade–Giles: tung¹-fangrh¹
    • Yale: dūng-fāngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongfangl
    • Palladius: дунфанр (dunfanr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: dong¹ fang¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dungfang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дунфон (dunfon, I-I) / дунфон (dunfon, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/, /tuŋ²⁴ fɑŋ⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung¹ fong¹
    • Yale: dūng fōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ fong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-fông
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung´ fong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dung¹ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ fɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-hong
    • Tâi-lô: tong-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: donghofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hong
    • Tâi-lô: tang-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: danghofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-hng
    • Tâi-lô: tang-hng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: danghngf
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ hŋ̍³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang¹ huang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang huang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tuŋ  pʉɐŋ/

Rime
Character	東	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	德紅切	府良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung1	fong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ  C-paŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ  paŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	方
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	fāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ pjang ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*C-paŋ/
English	east	square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	方
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	2435	3023
Phonetic component	東	方
Rime group	東	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	方
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*paŋ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注	甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

東方

1. east

Proper noun

東方

1. the East; the Orient

   崛起東方／崛起东方  ―  juéqǐ dōngfāng  ―  the rising East

   她教授東方美術史。 [MSC, trad.]
   她教授东方美术史。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā jiàoshòu dōngfāng měishùshǐ. [Pinyin]

   She teaches Eastern art history.

2. a surname

   東方朔／东方朔  ―  Dōngfāng Shuò  ―  Dongfang Shuo

3. (～市) Dongfang (a sub-prefectural city in Hainan, China)
4. Short for 東方Project／东方Project (“Touhou Project, a popular bullet hell video game series”).

Derived terms

東方主義／东方主义 (dōngfāng zhǔyì) 東方人／东方人 (dōngfāngrén)

東方紅／东方红 (Dōngfānghóng) 東方閃電／东方闪电 (Dōngfāng Shǎndiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東方):

• → Japanese: 東方(とうほう) (tōhō)
• → Korean: 동방(東方) (dongbang)
• → Vietnamese: đông phương (東方)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
東	方
とう Grade: 2	ほう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) とーほー [tòóhóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːho̞ː]

Noun

東(とう)方(ほう) • (tōhō) ^{←とうはう (toufau)?}

1. east, east area

Related terms

• 北方(ほっぽう) (hoppō): north, northern area
• 西方(せいほう) (seihō): west, western area
• 南方(なんぽう) (nanpō): south, southern area

Proper noun

東(とう)方(ほう) • (Tōhō) 

1. Short for 東方Project (Tōhō Purojekuto, “Touhou Project, a popular bullet hell video game series”).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
東	方
ひがし Grade: 2	かた Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
東	方
ひがし Grade: 2	かた > がた Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひがしかた [hìgáshíkátá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [çiɡa̠ɕika̠ta̠]

Noun

東(ひがし)方(かた) • (higashikata) 

1. east (compass point, direction)
2. the fighters on the east side in a match

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
東	方

Noun

東方 • (dongbang) (hangeul 동방)

1. Hanja form^? of 동방 (“east", "eastward", "orient”).

Derived terms

• 동방종개 (dongbangjonggae), literally means "eastern spine loach"

Related terms

• 西方 (서방, seobang): west, westward, occident
• 北方 (북방, bukbang): north, northward
• 南方 (남방, nambang): south, southward