東京

See also: 东京

Chinese

		east	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
trad. (東京)		東	京
simp. (东京)		东	京

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Dōngjīng
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ ging¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Tûng-kîn
(Meixian, Guangdong): dung¹ gin¹
Min Dong (BUC): Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Tang-kiaⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ gian¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ton jin (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dōngjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Dongjing
  - Wade–Giles: Tung¹-ching¹
  - Yale: Dūng-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dongjing
  - Palladius: Дунцзин (Dunczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: dung¹ ging¹
  - Yale: dūng gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    東京／东京
    東經／东经
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Tûng-kîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: dung´ gin´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dung¹ gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ cin⁴⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tang-kiaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: Tang-kiann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dangkviaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ kiã³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang¹ gian¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang kiaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ton jin (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕɪɲ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /tuŋ kˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	德紅切	舉卿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung¹	ging¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ [k]raŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ kraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese	/tˁoŋ/ (< tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*[k]raŋ/
English	east	hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2435	6828
Phonetic component	東	京
Rime group	東	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	驚
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*kraŋ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

Proper noun

東京

(～都) Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)
Old name for 開封／开封 (kāifēng).
Old name for 河內／河内 (Hénèi).
(history) Tonkin

Derived terms

東京審判／东京审判 (Dōngjīng Shěnpàn)
東京灣／东京湾 (Dōngjīngwān)

東京薯／东京薯
西東京／西东京 (Xīdōngjīng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東京):

→ Japanese: 東京(とうけい) (Tōkei)

Noun

東京

(historical) the eastern capital (in situations where dual capitals existed)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東京):

→ Japanese: 東京(とうきょう) (tōkyō)
→ Vietnamese: Đông Kinh (東京)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
東	京
とう Grade: 2	きょう Grade: 2
kan’on	goon

/tou kjau/ → /toːkjɔː/ → /toːkjoː/

Derived from Middle Chinese elements 東 (MC tuŋ) and 京 (MC kˠiæŋ).

The city of Tokyo was renamed from 江戸 (Edo) in 1868 after Emperor Meiji moved the capital from Kyoto.

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) とーきょー [tòókyóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [to̞ːkʲo̞ː]
Audio (file)

Proper noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (Tōkyō) ^{←とうきやう (toukyau)^?}

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan, consisting of 23 special wards)
昨日(きのう)、東(とう)京(きょう)は曇(くも)りでしたか。
Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.
Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?
Short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to) the capital prefecture of Japan
Short for 東京駅 (Tōkyō-eki): Tokyo Station
(historical) Short for 東京府 (Tōkyō-fu): the historical Tokyo Prefecture from 1868–1943
a surname

Derived terms

東(とう)京(きょう)駅(えき) (Tōkyō-eki)
東(とう)京(きょう)音(おん)頭(ど) (Tōkyō Ondo)
東(とう)京(ぎょう)錦(き) (tōgyōki)
東(とう)京(きょう)銀(ぎん)行(こう) (Tōkyō Ginkō)
東(とう)京(きょう)圏(けん) (Tōkyō-ken)
東(とう)京(きょう)語(ご) (Tōkyō-go)
東(とう)京(きょう)港(こう) (Tōkyō-kō)
東(とう)京(きょう)言(こと)葉(ば) (Tōkyō kotoba)
東(とう)京(きょう)五(ご)輪(りん) (Tōkyō Gorin)
東(とう)京(きょう)裁(さい)判(ばん) (Tōkyō Saiban)
東(とう)京(きょう)式(しき)アクセント (Tōkyō-shiki akusento)
東(とう)京(きょう)証(しょう)券(けん)取(とり)引(ひき)所(じょ) (Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo)
東(とう)京(きょう)人(じん) (Tōkyō-jin)
東(とう)京(きょう)スカイツリー (Tōkyō Sukaitsurī)
東(トウ)京(キョウ)達磨(ダルマ)蛙(ガエル) (Tōkyō darumagaeru)
東(とう)京(きょう)タワー (Tōkyō Tawā)
東(とう)京(きょう)天(てん)文(もん)台(だい) (Tōkyō Tenmondai)
東(とう)京(きょう)都(と) (Tōkyō-to)
東(とう)京(ぎょう)の茵(しとね) (tōgyō no shitone)
東(とう)京(きょう)府(ふ) (Tōkyō-fu)
東(とう)京(きょう)弁(べん) (Tōkyō-ben)
東(トウ)京(キョウ)帆(ホ)立(タテ)貝(ガイ) (Tōkyō hotategai)
東(とう)京(きょう)者(もの) (Tōkyō-mono)
東(とう)京湾(きょうわん) (Tōkyō-wan)
西(にし)東(とう)京(きょう) (Nishitōkyō)

Descendants

→ Dutch: Tokio
→ English: Tokyo
→ Finnish: Tokio
→ French: Tokyo
→ German: Tokio
→ Korean: 동경 (Donggyeong)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Tokyo
→ Portuguese: Tóquio
→ Russian: То́кио (Tókio)
→ Spanish: Tokio
→ Vietnamese: Đông Kinh

Noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (tōkyō) ^{←とうきやう (toukyau)^?}

(historical) an eastern capital
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 663)[1]
  Tôqiǒ. トゥキャゥ (東京) Figaxino miyaco. (東の都) 東の地方の都 (Miaco).

Coordinate terms

西(さい)京(きょう) (saikyō, “western capital”)
南(なん)京(きょう) (nankyō, “southern capital”)
北(ほっ)京(きょう) (hokkyō, “northern capital”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
東	京
とう Grade: 2	けい Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 東京 (MC tuŋ kˠiæŋ).

The alternate pronunciation for Tokyo appears to be prevalent in the early- to mid-Meiji period.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) とーけー [tòókéé] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [to̞ːke̞ː]

Proper noun

東(とう)京(けい) • (Tōkei)

(historical) the capital of 東漢 (Tōkan, “Eastern Han”) or 後漢 (Gokan, “Later Han”), corresponds to modern Luoyang
(historical) the capital of 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”), corresponds to modern Kaifeng
(historical) the eastern capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, corresponds to modern Liaoyang
(historical) the capital of Yongwon province in Balhae during the Tang dynasty
(historical) Dated spelling of とうきょう (Tōkyō) above

Derived terms

東(とう)京(けい)人(じん) (Tōkei-jin)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
東	京
とん Grade: 2	きん Grade: 2
sōon	tōon

Borrowing from Vietnamese 東京 (Đông Kinh, “Eastern capital”), a historical name for Hanoi. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) トンキン [tóꜜǹkìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [tõ̞ŋʲkʲĩɴ]

Proper noun

東京(トンキン) • (Tonkin)

(historical) Tonkin (northern region of Vietnam)

Derived terms

東(トン)京(キン)錦(にしき) (Tonkin nishiki)

References

Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
東	京

Proper noun

東京 • (Donggyeong) (hangeul 동경)

Hanja form^? of 동경 (“alternative name of Tokyo”).

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
東	京
とー Grade: 2	ちょー Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /toːt͡ɕoː/

Proper noun

東京 (hiragana とーちょー, rōmaji Tōchō)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan, consisting of 23 special wards)
東京 (とーちょー)んかい行 (い)ち欲 (ぶ)さん。
Tōchō-nkai ichibusan.
(I) want to go to Tokyo.

References

“とーちょー【東京】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎, 1963

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
東	京

Proper noun

東京

chữ Hán form of Đông Kinh (“former name of Hanoi, Tonkin; Tokyo”).

[1] Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.