未來

未來

See also: 未来

Chinese

		not yet; 8th earthly branch; 1-3 pm	to come
trad. (未來)		未	來
simp. (未来)		未	来
Literally: “(that which) has not come”.

Etymology

Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अनागत (anāgata, “not yet come; future”, past participle), from अन्- (an-, “not”) + आगत (āgata, “what has come”), from the verb root आगम् (āgam, “to come”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèilái

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄞˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶ loi⁴, mei⁶ lai⁴, mei⁶ lei⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vi-lòi
• Min Dong (BUC): uôi-lài
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bī-lâi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê⁷ lai⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): vi le (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèilái
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèilái
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴-lai²
    • Yale: wèi-lái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weylai
    • Palladius: вэйлай (vɛjlaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁶ loi⁴, mei⁶ lai⁴, mei⁶ lei⁴
    • Yale: meih lòih, meih làih, meih lèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ loi⁴, mei⁶ lai⁴, mei⁶ lei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ loi⁴, méi⁶ lei⁴, méi⁶ léi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² lɔːi̯²¹/, /mei̯²² lɐi̯²¹/, /mei̯²² lei̯²¹/

Note:

• mei6 loi4 - literary;
• mei6 lai4, mei6 lei4 - colloquial.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vi-lòi
    • Hakka Romanization System: vi loiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vi⁴ loi²
    • Sinological IPA: /vi⁵⁵ loi̯¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: uôi-lài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ai⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-lâi
    • Tâi-lô: bī-lâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bixlaai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² lai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ lai¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bi³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi³³⁻²¹ lai²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhuê⁷ lai⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buē lâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bue¹¹ lai⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: vi le (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̥i²² le̞⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: /mʉi^H  lʌi/

Rime
Character	未	來
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	無沸切	洛哀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉiH/	/lʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨiH/	/ləi/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəiH/	/lɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mujH/	/ləj/
Li Rong	/miuəiH/	/lᴀi/
Wang Li	/mĭwəiH/	/lɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯iH/	/lɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	lái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei6	loi4

Noun

未來

1. future

   放眼未來／放眼未来  ―  fàngyǎn wèilái  ―  looking forward

   • 書籍培養了她豐富的想象力和對於美好未來的憧憬。 [MSC, trad.]
     书籍培养了她丰富的想象力和对于美好未来的憧憬。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1958 January, Yang Mo, 《青春之歌》

     Shūjí péiyǎng le tā fēngfù de xiǎngxiànglì hé duìyú měihǎo wèilái de chōngjǐng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

• 將來／将来 (jiānglái)

Derived terms

未來主義／未来主义 (wèiláizhǔyì) 未來學／未来学 (wèiláixué)

未來派／未来派

Adjective

未來

1. (attributive) coming; approaching; pending

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (未來):

• → Japanese: 未(み)来(らい) (mirai)
• → Korean: 미래(未來) (mirae)
• → Vietnamese: vị lai (未來)

---

Japanese

Kanji in this term
未	來
み Grade: 4	らい Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Noun

未(み)來(らい) • (mirai)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 未来)

1. Kyūjitai form of 未来: future

---

Korean

Hanja in this term
未	來

Noun

未來 • (mirae) (hangeul 미래)

1. Hanja form^? of 미래 (“the future”).

---

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
未	來

Noun

未來

1. chữ Hán form of vị lai (“the future”).