朗

朗

朗 U+6717, 朗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6717 ← 朖 [U+6716] CJK Unified Ideographs 朘 → [U+6718]

朗 U+F929, 朗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F929 ← 廊 [U+F928] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 浪 → [U+F92A]

朗 U+FA92, 朗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA92 ← 晴 [U+FA91] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 望 → [U+FA93]

朗 U+2F8D8, 朗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D8 ← 䏙 [U+2F8D7] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 望 → [U+2F8D9]

Translingual

Han character

朗 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈戈月 (IIB), four-corner 3772₀)

Derived characters

• 𠻴, 㙟, 𢠯, 𪮡, 𣼽, 樃, 𤎜, 𤨡, 𦄺, 𫆍, 𬡨, 𠓇, 𨅉, 𡂯, 𫻠, 𬂆, 蓢, 𢀬, 𬕨, 𩅜, 𩡜, 塱, 㮾

References

• KangXi: page 505, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14362
• Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2072, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6717
• Unihan data for U+F929
• Unihan data for U+FA92
• Unihan data for U+2F8D8

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		朗
alternative forms		朖 㫰 誏／𬣼 朤 𣊧 朖 㫰 誏／𬣼 朤 𣊧 𣍷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
剆	*raːl, *raːlʔ
郎	*raːŋ
稂	*raːŋ
桹	*raːŋ
鋃	*raːŋ
硠	*raːŋ
浪	*raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋	*raːŋ, *raŋ
琅	*raːŋ
狼	*raːŋ
欴	*raːŋ
踉	*raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨	*raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆	*raːŋ
駺	*raːŋ
躴	*raːŋ
筤	*raːŋ
閬	*raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴	*raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈	*raːŋ
廊	*raːŋ
榔	*raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂	*raːŋ
瑯	*raːŋ
朗	*raːŋʔ
朖	*raːŋʔ
誏	*raːŋʔ
俍	*raːŋʔ
崀	*raːŋʔ
埌	*raːŋs
蒗	*raːŋs
娘	*naŋ
良	*raŋ
粮	*raŋ
悢	*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋʔ) : phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) + semantic 月 (“moon”)

Etymology

Areal etymon. Compare Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “be light, bright, become clear, clarify”), Old Mon to glitter (ˀaråṅ), Burmese ရောင် (raung, “brightness”), အရောင် (a.raung, “appearance, colour, luster”). Possibly related to 亮 (OC raŋh). (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǎng (lang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lóng / long

  (Meixian, Guangdong): long⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): lāng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lóng / láng / lang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): laan (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǎng
    • Wade–Giles: lang³
    • Yale: lǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laang
    • Palladius: лан (lan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: long⁵
    • Yale: lóhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: long⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: long⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lóng / long
    • Hakka Romanization System: long` / long
    • Hagfa Pinyim: long³ / long⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /loŋ³¹/, /loŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: long⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃aŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóng
    • Tâi-lô: lóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láng
    • Tâi-lô: láng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: larng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /laŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lang
    • Tâi-lô: lang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lafng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• láng/lang - vernacular;
• lóng - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: laan (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑ̃²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ^X/

Rime
Character	朗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧黨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋX/
Li Rong	/lɑŋX/
Wang Li	/lɑŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rˤaŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ langX ›
Old Chinese	/*k.rˁaŋʔ/
English	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朗
Reading #	1/1
No.	8034
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朗
Old Chinese	/*raːŋʔ/

Definitions

朗

1. clear; bright
2. loud and clear

   朗讀／朗读  ―  lǎngdú  ―  to read aloud

3. (literary) understanding; enlightened

Compounds

不朗朗 伊朗 (Yīlǎng) 伊朗高原 (Yīlǎng Gāoyuán) 健朗 光朗朗 克朗 (kèlǎng) 勃朗峰 (Bólǎng Fēng) 勃朗特 布朗族 (Bùlǎngzú) 明朗 (mínglǎng) 晃朗 晴朗 (qínglǎng) 朗如 (Lǎngrú) 朗悟 朗抱 朗月 朗朗 (lǎnglǎng) 朗朗上口 (lǎnglǎngshàngkǒu) 朗格的 朗照 朗目疏眉

清朗 (qīnglǎng) 燎朗 爽朗 (shuǎnglǎng) 白朗峰 目若朗星 眉清目朗 硬朗 (yìnglang) 科朗 (kēlǎng) 豁朗 通朗 高朗 勃朗運動／勃朗运动 (Bólǎng yùndòng) 天朗氣清／天朗气清 天清氣朗／天清气朗 布朗運動／布朗运动 (Bùlǎng yùndòng) 書聲朗朗／书声朗朗 月朗風清／月朗风清 朗巴兒／朗巴儿 朗暢／朗畅 朗月清風／朗月清风 朗朗雲天／朗朗云天

朗朗高談／朗朗高谈 朗聲／朗声 (lǎngshēng) 朗誦／朗诵 (lǎngsòng) 朗誦詩／朗诵诗 朗誦調／朗诵调 朗讀／朗读 (lǎngdú) 朗鑒／朗鉴 清風朗月／清风朗月 珠穆朗瑪／珠穆朗玛 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ) 白朗寧／白朗宁 神清氣朗／神清气朗 秦庭朗鏡／秦庭朗镜 豁然開朗／豁然开朗 (huòránkāilǎng) 軒朗／轩朗 遼朗／辽朗 開朗／开朗 (kāilǎng) 雋朗／隽朗 風恬日朗／风恬日朗 風恬月朗／风恬月朗 風清月朗／风清月朗 高聲朗誦／高声朗诵

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Japanese

Shinjitai	朗
Kyūjitai [1]	朗 朗
	朗󠄀 朗+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
	朗󠄆 朗+󠄆? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

朗

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 朗)

1. (visually) bright, clear
2. (auditorily) sonorant, clear
3. (psychologically) merry, cheerful
4. Used in personal names.

Readings

• Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kun: ほがらか (hogaraka, 朗らか, Jōyō); あきらか (akiraka, 朗らか); ほがら (hogara, 朗ら)
• Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); お (o); さえ (sae); とき (toki); ほがら (hogara); ろ (ro)

Compounds

• 晴(せい)朗(ろう) (seirō)

References

1. “朗”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朗 (MC lɑŋ^X). Recorded as Middle Korean 랑 (lang) (Yale: lang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (initial position)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
• (non-initial position)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾa̠ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [랑]

Hanja

Wikisource朗 (eumhun 밝을 랑 (balgeul rang), South Korea 밝을 낭 (balgeul nang))

1. Hanja form^? of 랑/낭 (“clear; bright”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 명랑 (明朗, myeongnang)
• 낭송 (朗誦, nangsong)
• 낭랑 (朗朗, nangnang)
• 낭음 (朗吟, nang'eum)
• 낭오 (朗悟, nang'o)
• 청랑 (晴朗, cheongnang)
• 광랑 (曠朗, gwangnang)
• 광랑 (光朗, gwangnang)
• 낭독 (朗讀, nangdok, “reading out loud”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

朗: Hán Việt readings: lãng (里(lí)黨(đảng)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
朗: Nôm readings: lẳng[1][2][3][4][5], lặng[1][2][3][4][5], rạng[1][2][3][4][5], lảng[1][2][3][4], lững[1][2][3][4], lãng[1][2][3], lửng[1][2][5], láng[1][2], lắng[1][2], sang[1][2], sáng[1][2], lựng[3][5], lẵng[1], trắng[1], rang[3], lăng[4], lứng[4]

1. Nôm form of lặng (“calm; silent; quiet”).

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
3. Trần (2004).
4. Hồ (1976).
5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).