服

服	U+670D, 服 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670D

← 朌
[U+670C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

朎 →
[U+670E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

服 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月尸中水 (BSLE), four-corner 7724₇, composition ⿰月𠬝)

References

KangXi: page 505, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14345

Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2053, character 7

Unihan data for U+670D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		服
alternative forms		𦨈𠬝𣍞𦨕𨈞𦨈𠬝𣍞𦨕𨈞𦩟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 服
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (服) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
菔	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
服	*bɯɡ
鵩	*bɯɡ
箙	*bɯɡ
棴	bɯɡ, smoːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯɡ) : phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + semantic 𠬝 (“to subdue”). 凡 here has been corrupted into 舟 and subsequently 月.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fú, fù (fu², fu⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ, ㄈㄨˋ
(Chengdu, SP): fu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): fuk⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): fuh⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
(Meixian, Guangdong): fug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): feh⁵
Min Bei (KCR): hū / hŭ
Min Dong (BUC): hŭk / hók
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k
(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): voq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): fu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fú
  - Wade–Giles: fu²
  - Yale: fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/

Note:

fú - usual pronunciation;
fù - only in the sense “dose”.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fuk⁶
  - Yale: fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fuuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵk̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fuh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuʔ²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ⁵⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hū / hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/, /xu²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk / hók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ⁵/, /houʔ²⁴/

Note:

hŭk - literary;
hók - vernacular (“dose”).

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: voq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̥ʊʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 服
Mandarin	Beijing	/fu³⁵/
	Harbin	/fu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/fu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/fu⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/fu²⁴/
	Xining	/fv̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/fu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/fu⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/fu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fu³¹/
	Guiyang	/fu²¹/
	Kunming	/fu³¹/
	Nanjing	/fuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/fəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/fəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/voʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/voʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/voʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/fu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/fu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/fu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/fuʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/fuk̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fok̚²/
	Nanning	/fuk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/fuk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xu⁴⁴/ 舒～ /xu²⁴/ ～從
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/fok̚³/

Middle Chinese: /bɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	服
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/, /*[b]əʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	服	服	服	服
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú	fú	fú	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]əʔ/
English	quiver (n.)	garment; wear (v.)	subdue, submit	box of a carriage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	服
Reading #	1/1
No.	3366
Phonetic component	服
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/

Definitions

服

^⁜ clothes; garment
衣服 ― yīfú ― clothes
校服 ― xiàofú ― school uniform
mourning dress
to wear; to put on
to take; to eat
服藥／服药 ― fúyào ― to take medicine
服用 ― fúyòng ― to take medicine
服毒 ― fúdú ― to take poison
每日服三次。 ― Měirì fú sān cì. ― Take it three times a day.
to serve
客服 ― kèfú ― customer service
服兵役 ― fú bīngyì ― to serve in the army
服刑 ― fúxíng ― to serve a sentence
to submit; to agree; to accept; to obey
不服 ― bùfú ― to refuse to accept
Used to express defeat even though one is not convinced of the opposing arguments
服了你了。 ― Fú le nǐ le. ― You win.
我真係服咗你。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我真系服咗你。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ zan¹ hai⁶ fuk⁶ zo² nei⁵. [Jyutping]
Come on, I surrender.
to convince; to persuade
to be accustomed to
(historical) inner pair of horses among the four that pull an imperial carriage
Classifier for doses for TCM regimens.
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 服

上服
下服
不服 (bùfú)
不服水土 (bùfúshuǐtǔ)
不服老
不舒服 (bùshūfu)
中服
九服
五服 (wǔfú)
以力服人
以德服人 (yǐdéfúrén)
以理服人 (yǐlǐfúrén)
伯服
佩服 (pèifú)
侯服
侯服玉食
便服 (biànfú)
信服 (xìnfú)
元服 (yuánfú)
克服 (kèfú)
公服 (gōngfú)
冕服
冠服 (guānfú)
初服
制服 (zhìfú)
制服警察
功服
卉服
南服
反初服
反服
口服 (kǒufú)
口服疫苗
吃不服
吉服
吞服
命服
和服 (héfú)
品服
喜服
嗣服
夏服
外出服
夷服
威服
孝服 (xiàofú)
官服
屈服 (qūfú)
工作服 (gōngzuòfú)
巾服
布草衣服
帖服
常服 (chángfú)
平服
引服
微服 (wēifú)
微服私行
心服 (xīnfú)
心服口服 (xīnfúkǒufú)
感服
愧服
戎服
成服
成除服
扶服
折服 (zhéfú)
拜服 (bàifú)
拱服
拳拳服膺
持服
推服
擒服
收服 (shōufú)
改服
敬服 (jìngfú)
春服 (chūnfú)
有服
服中
服事 (fúshì)
服低做小
服低捋
服侍 (fúshi)
服兵役
服具
服刑 (fúxíng)
服制
服勤
服匿
服善
服妖 (fúyāo)
服孝
服官

服帖 (fútiē)
服式
服役 (fúyì)
服御
服毒 (fúdú)
服水土
服法
服物
服用 (fúyòng)
服田
服硬
服秩
服章
服罪 (fúzuì)
服翼
服膺 (fúyīng)
服舍
服色
服降
服除
服露餐霞
服食 (fúshí)
朝服 (cháofú)
期服
校服 (xiàofú)
楚服
款服
水土不服 (shuǐtǔbùfú)
法服
洋服 (yángfú)
燕尾服 (yànwěifú)
燕服
爵服
玄服
甘服
畏服 (wèifú)
白服
盛服 (shèngfú)
祭服
私服
章服 (zhāngfú)
素服 (sùfú)
胡服 (húfú)
臣服 (chénfú)
舒服 (shūfu)
艾服
荒服
萁服
蒲服
藩服
衣服 (yīfu)
袍服
被服 (bèifú)
西服 (xīfú)
要服
象服
起服
野服
降服 (xiángfú)
除服 (chúfú)
震服
鞬服
首服 (shǒufú)
凶服
征服 (zhēngfú)
征服者 (zhēngfúzhě)
上線服務／上线服务
不服氣／不服气
不服燒埋／不服烧埋
不服輸／不服输
亂頭粗服／乱头粗服
偉服／伟服
內服／内服 (nèifú)
內服藥／内服药
勞動服務／劳动服务
協服／协服
厭服／厌服
叫醒服務／叫醒服务
售後服務／售后服务 (shòuhòu fúwù)
喪服／丧服 (sāngfú)
嘆服／叹服 (tànfú)
壓服／压服 (yāfú)
大學服／大学服
大禮服／大礼服
奇裝異服／奇装异服 (qízhuāngyìfú)
學士服／学士服
就業服務／就业服务
工業服務／工业服务
常禮服／常礼服
弓調馬服／弓调马服
心悅誠服／心悦诚服 (xīnyuèchéngfú)
心服情願／心服情愿

悅服／悦服 (yuèfú)
憚服／惮服
懷服／怀服
懾服／慑服 (shèfú)
撥接服務／拨接服务
方巾闊服／方巾阔服
晚禮服／晚礼服 (wǎnlǐfú)
有服之親／有服之亲
服內生子／服内生子
服冕乘軒／服冕乘轩
服務／服务 (fúwù)
服務員／服务员 (fúwùyuán)
服務業／服务业 (fúwùyè)
服務生／服务生 (fúwùshēng)
服務社／服务社 (fúwùshè)
服務站／服务站 (fúwùzhàn)
服務臺／服务台
服務處／服务处 (fúwùchù)
服務規程／服务规程
服務證／服务证
服務連鎖／服务连锁
服喪／服丧 (fúsāng)
服從／服从 (fúcóng)
服服貼貼／服服贴贴
服氣／服气 (fúqì)
服氣吞露／服气吞露
服氣餐霞／服气餐霞
服滿／服满 (fúmǎn)
服義／服义
服習／服习
服藥／服药 (fúyào)
服裝／服装 (fúzhuāng)
服裝設計／服装设计
服貼／服贴
服賈／服贾
服軟／服软 (fúruǎn)
服輸／服输 (fúshū)
服輿／服舆
服辯／服辩
服闋／服阕
服飾／服饰 (fúshì)
服餌／服饵
服馬／服马
服馭／服驭
欽服／钦服
歎服／叹服
歸服／归服 (guīfú)
沖服／冲服 (chōngfú)
沖服劑／冲服剂
淡妝素服／淡妆素服
滿服／满服
漢服／汉服 (hànfú)
濃妝豔服／浓妆艳服
無服之喪／无服之丧
無服之殤／无服之殇
異服／异服
白龍微服／白龙微服
白龍魚服／白龙鱼服
社區服務／社区服务 (shèqū fúwù)
社會服務／社会服务 (shèhuì fúwù)
禮服／礼服 (lǐfú)
空服員／空服员 (kōngfúyuán)
粗服亂頭／粗服乱头
組合服裝／组合服装
絕不屈服／绝不屈服
綏服／绥服
緇服／缁服
緦麻服／缌麻服
袞服／衮服
補服／补服
褻服／亵服 (xièfú)
說服／说服 (shuōfú)
說服力／说服力 (shuōfúlì)
調服／调服
讋服／詟服
負固不服／负固不服
買服／买服
買服錢／买服钱
賓服／宾服 (bīnfú)
車服／车服
軍服／军服 (jūnfú)
輸服甘結／输服甘结
輿服／舆服
順服／顺服 (shùnfú)
馬后練服／马后练服
馴服／驯服 (xùnfú)
驚服／惊服
驥服鹽車／骥服盐车
魚服／鱼服
鶉服／鹑服
麤服亂頭／粗服乱头

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (服):

→ Japanese: 服(ふく) (fuku)
→ Korean: 복(服) (bok)
→ Vietnamese: phục (服)

References

“服”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	服
Kyūjitai [1]	服󠄁 服+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	服󠄃 服+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

服

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

clothing
an amount equal to one swallow (act of swallowing), a gulp
obey

Readings

From Middle Chinese 服 (MC bɨuk̚); compare Mandarin 服 (fú, fù):

Go-on: ぶく (buku)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 服 (fù):

Go-on: ぶ (bu)
Kan-on: ふう (fū)
Kan’yō-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: まつらう (matsurau, 服う); まつろう (matsurou, 服う)^{←まつろふ (maturofu, historical)}
Nanori: こと (koto); はつ (hatsu); はとり (hatori); はら (hara); もと (moto); ゆき (yuki); よ (yo)

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Counter

服(ふく) • (-fuku)

an amount equal to one swallow:
1. doses of medicine
2. gulps of tea
3. puffs of tobacco

Noun

服(ふく) • (fuku)

clothes

Synonyms

(clothing): 衣(い)類(るい) (irui)

Derived terms

衣(い)服(ふく) (ifuku): clothes, apparel, garments
服(ふく)装(そう) (fukusō): clothing, how one is dressed, one's costume

Suffix

服(ふく) • (-fuku)

clothes

References

1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1090 (paper), page 596 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

服 (eumhun 옷 복 (ot bok))

Hanja form^? of 복 (“clothes, clothing”).

Vietnamese

Han character

服: Hán Nôm readings: phục[1]

(only in compounds) clothing, clothes
to submit, to serve, to obey
to admire, to esteem

References

Trần (1999).

[1] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1090 (paper), page 596 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

[SMK7-2] 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[Trần_(1999)-4] Trần (1999).