朋友

朋友

Chinese

		friend	friend
simp. and trad. (朋友)		朋	友

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): péngyou, péngyǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ, ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): pong² you³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): pang⁴ jau⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pang³ yiu⁴

• Gan (Wiktionary): pung² iu
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phèn-yû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pên² yu¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): peng¹ iou²
• Min Bei (KCR): bǎing-iǔ
• Min Dong (BUC): bèng-īu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): pêng-iú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ iu²

• Wu (Wiktionary): ban hhieu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péngyou
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péngyo̊u
    • Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-yu⁵
    • Yale: péng-you
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng.iou
    • Palladius: пэнъю (pɛnʺju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péngyǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péngyǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-yu³
    • Yale: péng-yǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngyeou
    • Palladius: пэнъю (pɛnʺju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: pong² you³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pungju
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoŋ²¹ iəu⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pang⁴ jau⁵
    • Yale: pàhng yáuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴ jau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴ yeo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pang³ yiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ²² jiu²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: pung² iu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ²⁴ iu²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn-yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: penˇ iu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pen² yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹ i̯u²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn-yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: penˇ (r)iu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pen² yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pên² yu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰɛn¹¹ iu⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: peng¹ iou²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxə̃ŋ¹¹ iəu⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎing-iǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paiŋ²¹ iu²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bèng-īu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(Ø-)ŋieu³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-iú
    • Tâi-lô: pîng-iú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peng'iuo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /peŋ²⁴⁻²¹ iu⁴²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Penang): /peŋ²³⁻²¹ iu⁴⁴⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pêng⁵ iu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng iú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ban hhieu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥ã²² ɦiɜ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /bəŋ  ɦɨu^X/

Rime
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	步崩切	云久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/	/ɦɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/	/ɦiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/	/ɣiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/	/ɦuwX/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/	/ɣiuX/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/	/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/	/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang4	jau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ  [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ  ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	péng	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ bong ›	‹ hjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	set of cowries; friend	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9663	15596
Phonetic component	朋	又
Rime group	蒸	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	朋	有
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

朋友

1. friend (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 位 m c)

   童年的朋友  ―  tóngnián de péngyǒu  ―  childhood friend

   結交新朋友／结交新朋友  ―  jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu  ―  to make new friends

   他不知道朋友的家在哪裡。 [MSC, trad.]
   他不知道朋友的家在哪里。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā bù zhīdào péngyǒu de jiā zài nǎlǐ. [Pinyin]

   He doesn't know where his friend's house is.

   呢個係我個朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
   呢个系我个朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]

   ni¹ go³ hai⁶ ngo⁵ go³ pang⁴ jau⁵. [Jyutping]

   This is my friend.

   伊毋知朋友的厝佇佗位。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   伊毋知朋友的厝伫佗位。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   I m̄ chai pêng-iú ê chhù tī tó-ūi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   He doesn't know where his friend's house is.

   伊唔知朋友個內在底塊。 [Teochew, trad.]
   伊唔知朋友个内在底块。 [Teochew, simp.]

   i¹ m⁶ zai¹ pêng⁵ iu² gai⁵ lai⁶ do⁶ di⁷ go³. [Peng'im]

   He doesn't know where his friend's house is.

   你的近況斷續從朋友口中傳到我耳畔。 [MSC, trad.]
   你的近况断续从朋友口中传到我耳畔。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn. [Pinyin]

   Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.

   我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]

   She and I are really just friends.

   世界上最可悲的事情，莫過於你喜歡他，他卻只把你當朋友。 [MSC, trad.]
   世界上最可悲的事情，莫过于你喜欢他，他却只把你当朋友。 [MSC, simp.]

   Shìjiè shàng zuì kěbēi de shìqíng, mòguòyú nǐ xǐhuān tā, tā què zhǐ bǎ nǐ dāng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]

   The saddest thing in the world is liking someone but they only see you as a friend.

2. (euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner

Synonyms

• (friend):

edit

交丸 (Min Nan) 友人 (yǒurén) 捧油 (pěngyóu) (slang) 捧由 (pěngyóu) (slang)

盆友 (pényǒu) (neologism, Internet slang, humorous, cute-sounding) 朋友伙 (Min Bei) 交遊／交游 (jiāoyóu) (literary) 相與／相与 (xiāngyǔ) (literary)

Antonyms

• (friend):

edit

仇人 (chóurén) 仇家 (chóujiā) 寇仇 (kòuchóu) (literary)

仇敵／仇敌 (chóudí) 對頭子／对头子 (Pingxiang Gan) 敵人／敌人 (dírén)

Hyponyms

• (friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 朋友

三朋四友 交朋友 (jiāo péngyou) 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou) 做朋友 (zuò péngyou) 在家靠父母，出外靠朋友 (zàijiā kào fùmǔ, chūwài kào péngyou) 女朋友 (nǚpéngyou) 好朋友 (hǎopéngyou) 小朋友 (xiǎopéngyou) 朋友圈 (péngyouquān) 朋友妻，不可欺 狐朋狗友 (húpénggǒuyǒu)

男朋友 (nánpéngyou) 老朋友 (lǎopéngyou) 耍朋友 酒肉朋友 (jiǔròu péngyou) 夠朋友／够朋友 (gòu péngyou) 朋友區間／朋友区间 (péngyou qūjiān) 朋友有舊／朋友有旧 朋友有通財之義／朋友有通财之义 親戚朋友／亲戚朋友 (qīnqī péngyǒu) 談朋友／谈朋友 軋朋友／轧朋友 (gá péngyou)

See also

• 賓朋／宾朋 (bīnpéng), 高朋 (gāopéng), 良朋 (liángpéng), 朋侶／朋侣 (pénglǚ)
• 筆友／笔友 (bǐyǒu), 網友／网友 (wǎngyǒu), 醉朋

Further reading

• “Entry #4215”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): péngyǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péngyǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péngyǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-yu³
    • Yale: péng-yǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngyeou
    • Palladius: пэнъю (pɛnʺju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Noun

朋友

1. (archaic) large number of retainers
2. (archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students

Synonyms

• (large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朋友):

• → Japanese: 朋友(ほうゆう) (hōyū)
• → Korean: 붕우(朋友) (bung'u)
• → Vietnamese: bằng hữu (朋友)

Others:

• → Hmong (Leng/Der): fim ywg
• → White Hmong: phooj ywg
• → Zhuang: baengzyoux

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朋	友
ほう Jinmeiyō	ゆう Grade: 2
on’yomi

/hoː iu/ → /hoːjiu/ → /hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bəŋ ɦɨu^X).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) ほーゆう [hòóyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ho̞ːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋(ほう)友(ゆう) • (hōyū) ^{←ほういう (fouiu)?}
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, rōmaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

1. (uncommon) a friend

   Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)

   Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)

Derived terms

• 知己(ちき)朋友(ほうゆう) (chiki hōyū, “acquaintance”)

Proverbs

• 善(ぜん)を責(せ)むるは朋友(ほうゆう)の道(みち)なり (zen o semuru wa hōyū no michi nari)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朋	友
ぽん Jinmeiyō	ゆう Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spellings
ポンユー ポン友

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).[1][2]

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) ポンユー [pòń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [põ̞ɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋友(ポンユー) • (pon'yū) 

1. (slang, dated) a friend

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
朋	友

Noun

朋友

1. chữ Hán form of bằng hữu (“friend”).