朋

朋

朋 U+670B, 朋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670B ← 朊 [U+670A] CJK Unified Ideographs 朌 → [U+670C]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

朋 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月月 (BB), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿰月月)

Derived characters

• 倗, 𭈒, 堋, 𡞇, 𡹔, 弸, 㥊, 掤, 淜, 𨹹, 棚, 𣨥, 焩, 㻚, 𬓃, 硼, 稝, 䙀, 𭘯, 𭩀, 𮇧, 綳(绷), 𧌇, 𮘚, 𬦒, 𨂃, 輣(𰺏), 錋, 𬭖, 𣎠, 𩋒, 𱃅, 𱃫, 𦎿, 𩸀, 𪂙, 𡕑
• 𠜳, 𠡮, 𢽩, 𣂤, 㽰, 鵬(鹏), 奟, 𫳕, 崩, 萠, 𰁝, 𰜆, 𭑚, 𥦜, 𫷚, 𬕔, 𬙶, 䨜, 鬅, 𦣓, 𢉁, 痭, 𰿱, 𰉼, 𤊏, 𰤜, 𥂀, 𮥾, 𣎡, 𭩇, 朤, 𭩍
• 𭊏, 𪼔, 𨝙, 𠞳, 𬽚, 𤑌, 𡎾, 𨲰, 𨼖, 𤅘, 𦇽

References

• KangXi: page 504, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14340
• Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2050, character 6
• Unihan data for U+670B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		朋

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朋
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (朋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
崩	*pɯːŋ
堋	*pɯːŋs, *pʰɯːŋ, *bɯːŋ
漰	*pʰɯːŋ
倗	*pʰɯːŋʔ, *bɯːŋ, *bɯːŋs
朋	*bɯːŋ
鵬	*bɯːŋ
棚	*bɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ
鬅	*bɯːŋ
掤	*pɯŋ
淜	*bɯŋ
輣	*brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ
繃	*prɯːŋ, *prɯːŋ
弸	*pʰrɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ

Pictogram (象形) .

The oracle bone script form consisted of two strings of five cowries. Some forms of the oracle bone script contained an additional 人 which later evolved into 勹 (OC *pruː), which served as a phonetic component.

Shuowen erroneously suggests 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ) was the ancient form of 鳳 (OC *bums).

Duplication of 月 (“moon”) in current form.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): péng (peng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): pang⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pang³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phèn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pên²

• Jin (Wiktionary): peng¹
• Min Bei (KCR): bǎing
• Min Dong (BUC): bèng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): pêng / pâng / pn̂g

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): ban (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péng
    • Wade–Giles: pʻêng²
    • Yale: péng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
    • Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pang⁴
    • Yale: pàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: penˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pen²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pên²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰɛn¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: peng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxə̃ŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paiŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng
    • Tâi-lô: pîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâng
    • Tâi-lô: pâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: paang
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: pn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pngg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ban (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥ã²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 朋
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/pʰəŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pʰəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/pʰəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/pʰəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/pʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/pʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/pʰoŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pʰoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/pʰoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/pʰoŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/pʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/pʰəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/pʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/pʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/bã²³/
	Suzhou	/bən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/boŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/boŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/pʰan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/poŋ³³/
	Xiangtan	/bən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰuŋ²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰen¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/pʰen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pʰɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/pʰɐŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/pʰɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/piŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/pɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/paiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/foŋ³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /bəŋ/

Rime
Character	朋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	步崩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	péng
Middle Chinese	‹ bong ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəŋ/
English	set of cowries; friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朋
Reading #	1/1
No.	9663
Phonetic component	朋
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朋
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/

Definitions

朋

1. ^† unit of shell money; various theories exist about the exact amount

   • 既見君子、錫我百朋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     既见君子、锡我百朋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jì jiàn jūnzǐ, xī wǒ bǎi péng. [Pinyin]

     We see our noble lord,
     And he gives us a hundred sets of cowries.

2. friend

   朋友  ―  péngyǒu  ―  friend

   良朋  ―  liángpéng  ―  good friend

   • 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì yuè hū? [Pinyin]

     Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?

3. (literary) to gang up; to band together
4. (literary) to be similar; to equal

   碩大無朋／硕大无朋  ―  shuòdàwúpéng  ―  exceptionally large; enormous

5. a surname

Compounds

三朋四友 乞拉朋吉 吉朋 呼朋引伴 好朋友 (hǎopéngyou) 朋交 朋僚 (péngliáo) 朋分花用 朋友 (péngyou) 朋比 (péngbǐ) 朋比作仇 朋淫 朋酒 燕朋 狂朋怪友 狐朋狗友 (húpénggǒuyǒu) 男朋友 (nánpéngyou) 老朋友 (lǎopéngyou) 耐久朋 良朋 (liángpéng)

良朋益友 酒肉朋友 (jiǔròu péngyou) 面朋 高朋 (gāopéng) 高朋故戚 朋奸 朋比作奸 交朋結義／交朋结义 呼朋引類／呼朋引类 夠朋友／够朋友 (gòu péngyou) 引類呼朋／引类呼朋 挾朋樹黨／挟朋树党 朋儔／朋俦 朋儕／朋侪 朋友有舊／朋友有旧 朋從／朋从 朋比為奸／朋比为奸 (péngbǐwéijiān) 朋謀／朋谋 朋頭／朋头 朋馳／朋驰

朋黨／朋党 (péngdǎng) 朋黨之爭／朋党之争 朋黨比周／朋党比周 朋黨論／朋党论 無朋／无朋 狐朋狗黨／狐朋狗党 碩大無朋／硕大无朋 (shuòdàwúpéng) 親朋／亲朋 親朋好友／亲朋好友 (qīnpénghǎoyǒu) 詩朋酒侶／诗朋酒侣 詩朋酒友／诗朋酒友 詩酒朋儕／诗酒朋侪 豬朋狗友／猪朋狗友 (zhūpénggǒuyǒu) 賓朋／宾朋 (bīnpéng) 賓朋滿座／宾朋满座 韓朋／韩朋 韓朋賦／韩朋赋 韓朋鳥／韩朋鸟 高朋滿座／高朋满座 (gāopéngmǎnzuò)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	朋
Kyūjitai [1][2]	朋󠄁 朋+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	朋󠄃 朋+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

朋

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. friend
2. faction

Readings

• Go-on: ぼう (bō)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)
• Kun: とも (tomo, 朋)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)

Compounds

Compounds

• 朋党(ほうとう) (hōtō)
• 朋輩(ほうばい) (hōbai)
• 朋友(ほうゆう) (hōyū)
• 親朋(しんぽう) (shinpō)
• 同朋(どうぼう) (dōbō)
• 友朋(ゆうほう) (yūhō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朋
とも Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 朋 – see the following entry.

【とも】 [noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal [noun] member of the same category Alternative spellings 友, 朋

(This term, 朋, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Proper noun

朋(とも) • (Tomo) 

1. a female given name

References

1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1089 (paper), page 595 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
2. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 657 (paper), page 341 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朋 (MC bəŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 브ᇰ (pung) (Yale: pung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource朋 (eumhun 벗 붕 (beot bung))

1. Hanja form^? of 붕 (“friend”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 붕우 (朋友, bung'u)
• 붕당 (朋黨, bungdang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

朋: Hán Nôm readings: bằng, bẵng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.