書

書

See also: 书, 畫, and 晝

書 U+66F8, 書 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F8 ← 曷 [U+66F7] CJK Unified Ideographs 曹 → [U+66F9]

書 U+2F8CC, 書 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CC ← 旣 [U+2F8CB] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 晉 → [U+2F8CD]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

書 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中土日 (LGA), four-corner 5060₁, composition ⿳𦘒一曰)

Derived characters

• 𡳩 𢅺 晝 圕

References

• KangXi: page 502, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14294
• Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1509, character 9
• Unihan data for U+66F8
• Unihan data for U+2F8CC

---

Chinese

trad.		書
simp.		书
alternative forms		𦘠

書 (1)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 書
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觰	*rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸	*tjaː, *tja
者	*tjaːʔ
堵	*tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭	*tjaːʔ
撦	*l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯	*tʰjaːʔ
闍	*djaː, *taː
奢	*hljaː
鍺	*toːlʔ
都	*taː
醏	*taː
覩	*taːʔ
睹	*taːʔ
暏	*taːʔ
賭	*taːʔ
帾	*taːʔ
楮	*taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠	*daː, *da
瘏	*daː
廜	*daː
鷵	*daː
緒	*ljaʔ
豬	*ta
猪	*ta
瀦	*ta
藸	*ta, *da
櫫	*ta
褚	*taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著	*taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸	*tas, *das
儲	*da
躇	*da
櫧	*tja
藷	*tja, *djas
蠩	*tja
煮	*tjaʔ
渚	*tjaʔ
煑	*tjaʔ
陼	*tjaʔ
翥	*tjas
署	*djas
薯	*djas
曙	*djas
書	*hlja
暑	*hjaʔ
鐯	*taɡ
擆	*taɡ
櫡	*taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hlja) : semantic 聿 (“writing brush”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

Etymology

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shū (shu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ

  (Chengdu, SP): su¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): syu¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): si¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): xy¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): su¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): su¹
• Min Bei (KCR): sṳ́
• Min Dong (BUC): cṳ̆
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chu / chir / su / sir / si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ze¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xy¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shu
    • Wade–Giles: shu¹
    • Yale: shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: su¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: su
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: syu¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃyː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: su´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /su²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /su⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: su¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /su¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
    • Tâi-lô: tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen, Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir
    • Tâi-lô: tsir
    • IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sɯ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³/
    • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sɨ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
    • Tâi-lô: sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕi⁴⁴/

Note:

• chu/chir - vernacular;
• su/sir/si - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ze¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: sr (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɕɨʌ/

Rime
Character	書
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	傷魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ta/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	書
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shū
Middle Chinese	‹ syo ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ta/
English	write
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	書
Reading #	1/1
No.	17013
Phonetic component	者
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	書
Old Chinese	/*hlja/

Definitions

書

1. book; codex (Classifier: 本; 冊／册; 部)

   我對這本書產生了共鳴。 [MSC, trad.]
   我对这本书产生了共鸣。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ duì zhè běn shū chǎnshēng le gòngmíng. [Pinyin]

   I resonated with this book.

   唔記得買書／唔记得买书 [Cantonese]  ―  m⁴ gei³ dak¹ maai⁵ syu¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to forget to buy textbooks

2. letter; document

   證明書／证明书  ―  zhèngmíngshū  ―  certificate

   推薦書／推荐书  ―  tuījiànshū  ―  recommendation letter

   情書／情书  ―  qíngshū  ―  love letter

   家書／家书  ―  jiāshū  ―  letter to or from one's family or home

   《告臺灣同胞書》 [MSC, trad.]
   《告台湾同胞书》 [MSC, simp.]

   “Gào Táiwān Tóngbāo Shū” [Pinyin]

   Message to the Compatriots in Taiwan

3. form of a written or printed Chinese character; style of calligraphy; script; font

   楷書／楷书  ―  kǎishū  ―  regular script

   隸書／隶书  ―  lìshū  ―  clerical script

4. (literary) Chinese character

   • 項籍少時學書，不成，去；學劍，又不成。項梁怒之。籍曰：「書足以記姓名而已。劍一人敵，不足學，學萬人敵。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     项籍少时学书，不成，去；学剑，又不成。项梁怒之。籍曰：“书足以记姓名而已。剑一人敌，不足学，学万人敌。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Xiàng Jí shàoshí xué shū, bùchéng, qù; xué jiàn, yòu bùchéng. Xiàng Liáng nù zhī. Jí yuē: “Shū zúyǐ jì xìngmíng éryǐ. Jiàn yī rén dí, bùzú xué, xué wàn rén dí.” [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

5. (literary) the art of calligraphy
6. (historical) ancient government post in charge of secretarial duties
7. (historical) imperial edict
8. storytelling

   說書／说书  ―  shuōshū  ―  to perform pingshu (storytelling)

   聽書／听书  ―  tīngshū  ―  to listen to performance of pingshu (storytelling)

9. to write

   書寫／书写  ―  shūxiě  ―  to write

   罄竹難書／罄竹难书  ―  qìngzhúnánshū  ―  (of crimes) to be too many to mention

   • 動則左史書之，言則右史書之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     动则左史书之，言则右史书之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī. [Pinyin]

     His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.

10. (Cantonese, education) teaching materials (Classifier: 課／课) (clarification of this definition is needed)

    聽書／听书 [Cantonese]  ―  teng¹ syu¹ [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

11. Short for 書經／书经 (shūjīng, “the Classic of History”).
12. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 書 (“book”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		書
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		書, 書本 collective, 書籍 collective, 書冊
Mandarin	Beijing	書
	Taiwan	書
	Yantai (Muping)	書
	Jinan	書
	Luoyang	書
	Wanrong	書
	Xi'an	書
	Yinchuan	書
	Lanzhou	書
	Xining	書
	Ürümqi	書
	Wuhan	書
	Chengdu	書, 書些 collective
	Guiyang	書
	Guilin	書
	Liuzhou	書
	Xuzhou	書
	Yangzhou	書, 冊子 euphemistic
	Nanjing	書
	Hefei	書
	Malaysia	書
	Singapore	書
	Dagudi (Maliba)	書
	Reshuitang (Longling)	書
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	書
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	書
Cantonese	Guangzhou	書
	Hong Kong	書
	Macau	書
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	書
	Taishan	書
	Taishan (Guanghai)	書
	Dongguan	書
	Yangjiang	書
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	書
	Hepu (Shatian)	書
	Beihai	書
	Beihai (Nankang)	書
	Beihai (Yingpan)	書
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	書
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	書
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	書
	Danzhou	書
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	書
	Singapore (Guangfu)	書
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	書
	Móng Cái	書
	Mandalay (Taishan)	書
Gan	Nanchang	書
	Lichuan	書
	Pingxiang	書
Hakka	Meixian	書
	Yudu	書
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	書
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	書
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	書
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	書
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	書
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	書
Huizhou	Jixi	書
Jin	Taiyuan	書
	Xinzhou	書
	Liangcheng	書
Min Bei	Jian'ou	書
	Songxi	書
	Jianyang	書
Min Dong	Fuzhou	書
	Changle	書
	Lianjiang	書
	Fuqing	書
	Yongtai	書
	Minqing	書
	Gutian	書
	Pingnan	書
	Luoyuan	書
	Fu'an	書
	Ningde	書
	Xiapu	書
	Zherong	書
	Shouning	書
	Zhouning	書
	Fuding	書冊, 書
Min Nan	Xiamen	冊, 書冊
	Quanzhou	冊, 書, 書冊
	Jinjiang	冊
	Yongchun	冊, 書
	Zhangzhou	冊
	Zhangpu	冊
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	書
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	書
	Tainan	冊
	Tainan (Anping)	冊
	Penghu (Xiyu)	書
	Penang (Hokkien)	冊
	Singapore (Hokkien)	冊
	Manila (Hokkien)	冊
	Medan (Hokkien)	冊
	Longyan	書冊
	Zhangping	冊
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	冊
	Datian	書
	Chaozhou	書
	Shantou	書, 書冊
	Jieyang	書
	Haifeng	冊
	Bangkok (Teochew)	書
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	書
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	書
	Singapore (Teochew)	書, 冊
	Pontianak (Teochew)	書
	Leizhou	冊
	Wenchang	冊
	Haikou	冊
	Singapore (Hainanese)	冊
Puxian Min	Putian	冊
	Putian (Donghai)	冊
	Putian (Jiangkou)	冊
	Putian (Nanri)	冊
	Xianyou	冊
	Xianyou (Fengting)	冊
	Xianyou (Youyang)	冊
Min Zhong	Yong'an	書
	Shaxian	書
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	書
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	書
Wu	Shanghai	書
	Shanghai (Chongming)	書
	Suzhou	書
	Danyang	書
	Hangzhou	書
	Ningbo	書
	Wenzhou	書
	Jinhua	書
Xiang	Changsha	書
	Xiangxiang	書
	Loudi	書
	Shuangfeng	書

• (letter):

edit

Synonyms of 書

信 (xìn) 信件 (xìnjiàn) 信函 (xìnhán) 信札 (xìnzhá) 八行 (bāháng) (literary) 函件 (hánjiàn)

八行書／八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary) 手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary) 手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary) 書信／书信 (shūxìn) (formal) 書函／书函 (shūhán) 書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)

書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary) 書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary) 筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative) 簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds) 鴻／鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)

Dialectal synonyms of 信 (“letter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
Mandarin	Beijing	信
	Taiwan	信
	Yantai (Muping)	信
	Jinan	信
	Luoyang	信
	Wanrong	信
	Xi'an	信
	Yinchuan	信
	Lanzhou	信
	Xining	信
	Ürümqi	信
	Wuhan	信
	Chengdu	信
	Guiyang	信
	Guilin	信
	Liuzhou	信
	Xuzhou	信
	Yangzhou	信
	Nanjing	信
	Hefei	信
	Malaysia	信
	Singapore	信
	Dagudi (Maliba)	信
	Reshuitang (Longling)	信
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	信
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	信
Cantonese	Guangzhou	信
	Hong Kong	信
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	信
	Macau	信
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	信
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	信
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	信
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	信
	Foshan	信
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	信
	Foshan (Shunde)	信
	Foshan (Sanshui)	信
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	信
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	信
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	信
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	信
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	信
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	信
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	信
	Taishan	信
	Kaiping (Chikan)	信
	Enping (Niujiang)	信
	Heshan (Yayao)	信
	Dongguan	信
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	信
	Shaoguan	信
	Yunfu	信
	Yangjiang	信
	Xinyi	信
	Lianjiang	信
	Beihai	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	信
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	信
	Singapore (Guangfu)	信
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	信
	Móng Cái	信
Gan	Nanchang	信
	Lichuan	信
	Pingxiang	信
Hakka	Meixian	信
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	信
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	信
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	信
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	信
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	信
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	信
	Wuhua (Changbu)	信
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	信
	Conghua (Lütian)	信
	Luhe	信仔
	Yudu	信
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	信仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	信仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	信仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	信
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	信仔, 信
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	批, 信
	Hong Kong	信
Huizhou	Jixi	信
Jin	Taiyuan	信
	Xinzhou	信
Min Bei	Jian'ou	信
	Songxi	信
	Jianyang	信
Min Dong	Fuzhou	批
	Gutian	批
	Pingnan	批, 信
	Ningde	批
	Zhouning	批
	Fuding	信
	Matsu	批
	Singapore (Fuqing)	批
Min Nan	Xiamen	批, 批信
	Quanzhou	批, 批信
	Yongchun	批
	Zhangzhou	批, 批信
	Zhao'an	批
	Taipei	批
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	批
	Kaohsiung	批
	Yilan	批
	Changhua (Lukang)	批
	Taichung	批
	Taichung (Wuqi)	批
	Tainan	批, 批信
	Taitung	批
	Hsinchu	批
	Kinmen	批
	Penghu (Magong)	批
	Penang (Hokkien)	批
	Singapore (Hokkien)	批, 批信
	Manila (Hokkien)	批
	Longyan	信
	Datian	信
	Chaozhou	信, 批 international incoming letters
	Bangkok (Teochew)	信, 家批 dated
	Singapore (Teochew)	信, 批
	Batam (Teochew)	信
	Leizhou	信
	Wenchang	信 domestic, 批 international
	Haikou	信
	Singapore (Hainanese)	信, 批
Puxian Min	Putian	批
	Xianyou	批
	Fuding (Aoyao)	批
Min Zhong	Yong'an	信
	Shaxian	信
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	信
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	信
Wu	Shanghai	信
	Shanghai (Chongming)	信
	Suzhou	信
	Danyang	信
	Ningbo	信
	Wenzhou	信
	Jinhua	信
Xiang	Changsha	信
	Loudi	信
	Shuangfeng	信

Compounds

Derived terms from 書

上書／上书 下書／下书 不書／不书 中書／中书 丹書／丹书 代書／代书 休書／休书 但書／但书 佐書／佐书 佛書／佛书 來書／来书 修書／修书 偶書／偶书 偽書／伪书 傳道書／传道书 全書／全书 八書／八书 六書／六书 兵書／兵书 冊書／册书 出書／出书 分書／分书 刑書／刑书 判書／判书 制書／制书 券書／券书 刻書／刻书 叢書／丛书 古書／古书 史書／史书 周書／周书 唱書／唱书 唸書／念书 商書／商书 善書／善书 四書／四书 回書／回书 國書／国书 圖書／图书 圖書館／图书馆 團書／团书 坤書／坤书 填書／填书 夏書／夏书 大書／大书 天書／天书 奉書／奉书 女書／女书 奴書／奴书 好書／好书 子書／子书 字書／字书 宋書／宋书 官書／官书 家書／家书 寄書／寄书 密書／密书 寫書／写书 寶書／宝书 專書／专书 尚書／尚书 尺書／尺书 左書／左书 帛書／帛书 弔書／吊书 御書／御书 復書／复书 志書／志书 快書／快书 念書／念书 情書／情书 憲書／宪书 戒書／戒书 戰書／战书 房書／房书 手書／手书 批書／批书 投書／投书 指書／指书 捎書／捎书 捷書／捷书 損書／损书 摹書／摹书 擁書／拥书 攻書／攻书 故書／故书 敕書／敕书 教書／教书 文書／文书 新書／新书 方書／方书 日書／日书 春書／春书 晉書／晋书 晒書／晒书 晾書／晾书 曆書／历书 曝書／曝书 書中自有顏如玉／书中自有颜如玉 書中自有黃金屋／书中自有黄金屋 書丹／书丹 書亭／书亭 書信／书信 書傳／书传 書僮／书僮 書儀／书仪 書冊／书册 書函／书函 書刀／书刀 書刊／书刊 書包／书包 書卷／书卷 書卷氣／书卷气 書口／书口 書史／书史 書名／书名 書名號／书名号 書吏／书吏 書呆子／书呆子 書呈／书呈 書品／书品 書商／书商 書啟／书启 書單／书单

書坊／书坊 書城／书城 書城路／书城路 書報／书报 書場／书场 書塾／书塾 書壇／书坛 書夾／书夹 書契／书契 書套／书套 書子／书子 書學／书学 書客／书客 書家／书家 書寓／书寓 書寫／书写 書局／书局 書屋／书屋 書展／书展 書市／书市 書帕／书帕 書帙／书帙 書帷／书帷 書帽／书帽 書店／书店 書庫／书库 書廚／书厨 書影／书影 書後／书后 書心／书心 書房／书房 書扉／书扉 書手／书手 書攤／书摊 書攤兒／书摊儿 書會／书会 書本／书本 書本兒／书本儿 書札／书札 書林／书林 書架／书架 書柬／书柬 書格／书格 書格子／书格子 書案／书案 書桌／书桌 書桌兒／书桌儿 書業／书业 書櫃／书柜 書櫥／书橱 書歸正傳／书归正传 書殼／书壳 書法／书法 書淫／书淫 書牘／书牍 書物／书物 書理／书理 書生／书生 書生氣／书生气 書畫／书画 書疏／书疏 書痴／书痴 書癡／书痴 書皮／书皮 書皮兒／书皮儿 書目／书目 書眉／书眉 書社／书社 書種／书种 書稿／书稿 書空／书空 書策／书策 書箱／书箱 書篋／书箧 書簏／书簏 書簡／书简 書籍／书籍 書籤／书签 書籤兒／书签儿 書紳／书绅 書經／书经 書翰／书翰 書聖／书圣 書背／书背 書脊／书脊 書腦／书脑 書膽／书胆 書舖／书铺 書茶館兒／书茶馆儿 書號／书号 書號兒／书号儿 書蝨／书虱 書蟲／书虫 書蠹／书蠹 書衣／书衣 書裙／书裙 書記／书记 書評／书评 書譜／书谱 書跡／书迹 書辦／书办 書迷／书迷 書鋪／书铺 書錄／书录 書鎮／书镇 書院／书院 書面／书面 書面語／书面语 書頁／书页 書題／书题 書館／书馆 書香／书香 書體／书体 書鼓／书鼓 書齋／书斋 本書／本书 村書／村书 板書／板书 校書／校书 梁書／梁书 梵書／梵书 楷書／楷书 榜書／榜书

模書／模书 樣書／样书 檄書／檄书 正書／正书 殳書／殳书 法書／法书 洋書／洋书 洛書／洛书 溫書／温书 漆書／漆书 漢書／汉书 焚書／焚书 爰書／爰书 牓書／榜书 玉書／玉书 理書／理书 琴書／琴书 璽書／玺书 生書／生书 異書／异书 盟書／盟书 盡信書不如無書／尽信书不如无书 直書／直书 相書／相书 看書／看书 真書／真书 睒書:iêm2 ze1／睒书:iêm2 ze1 短書／短书 祕書／秘书 祟書／祟书 禁書／禁书 禮書／礼书 私書／私书 移書／移书 竹書／竹书 筋書／筋书 策書／策书 箭書／箭书 篆書／篆书 簡書／简书 簿書／簿书 素書／素书 紫書／紫书 經書／经书 編書／编书 緯書／纬书 繒書／缯书 署書／署书 羽書／羽书 翻書／翻书 聘書／聘书 聽書／听书 背書／背书 臨書／临书 致書／致书 舊書／旧书 草書／草书 著書／著书 蓄書／蓄书 蕊書／蕊书 薦書／荐书 藏書／藏书 蘚書／藓书 蟲書／虫书 蠟書／蜡书 蠻書／蛮书 血書／血书 行書／行书 覺書／觉书 觀書／观书 詔書／诏书 評書／评书 詩書／诗书 說書／说书 諫書／谏书 謗書／谤书 講書／讲书 證書／证书 譜書／谱书 護書／护书 讀書／读书 讀書人／读书人 貶書／贬书 買書／买书 貼書／贴书 賭書／赌书 赦書／赦书 車書／车书 軍書／军书 載書／载书 辟書／辟书 辭書／辞书 通書／通书 逸書／逸书 達書／达书 遺書／遗书 還書／还书 鄉書／乡书 醫書／医书 錦書／锦书 長書／长书 閒書／闲书 關書／关书 附書／附书 降書／降书 除書／除书 陳書／陈书 隋書／隋书 隸書／隶书 雁書／雁书 雜書／杂书 離書／离书 音書／音书 韻書／韵书 類書／类书 飛書／飞书 飽讀詩書／饱读诗书 魏書／魏书 魚書／鱼书 鶴書／鹤书 黑書／黑书 默書／默书 鼓書／鼓书

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (書):

• → Japanese: 書(しょ) (sho)
• → Korean: 서(書) (seo)
• → Vietnamese: thư (書)

"Others":

• → Proto-Tai: *sɯːᴬ
  • Thai: สือ (sʉ̌ʉ)

References

• “書”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #6098”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

書

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}
• Kun: かく (kaku, 書く, Jōyō); ふみ (fumi, 書)

Compounds

• 書(かき)順(じゅん) (kakijun)
• 書(かき)初(ぞめ) (kakizome)
• 書(しょ)院(いん) (shoin)
• 書(しょ)家(か) (shoka)
• 書(しょ)架(か) (shoka)
• 書(しょ)画(が) (shoga)
• 書(しょ)簡(かん) (shokan)
• 書(しょ)記(き) (shoki)
• 書(しょ)式(しき) (shoshiki)
• 書(しょ)写(しゃ) (shosha)
• 書(しょ)籍(せき) (shoseki)
• 書(しょ)体(たい) (shotai)
• 書(しょ)道(どう) (shodō)
• 書(しょ)法(ほう) (shohō)
• 書(しょ)面(めん) (shomen)
• 書(しょ)物(もつ) (shomotsu)
• 書(しょ)類(るい) (shorui)
• 書(しょ)棚(だな) (shodana)
• 楷(かい)書(しょ) (kaisho)
• 教(きょう)科(か)書(しょ) (kyōkasho)
• 行(ぎょう)書(しょ) (gyōsho)
• 原(げん)書(しょ) (gensho)
• 辞(じ)書(しょ) (jisho)
• 新(しん)書(しょ) (shinsho)
• 聖(せい)書(しょ) (seisho)
• 清(せい)書(しょ) (seisho)
• 誓(せい)書(しょ) (seisho)
• 正(せい)書(しょ)法(ほう) (seishohō)
• 草(そう)書(しょ) (sōsho)
• 叢(そう)書(しょ) (sōsho)
• 縦(たて)書(がき) (tategaki)
• 伝(でん)道(どう)の書(しょ) (Dendō no Sho, “Ecclesiastes”)
• 読(どく)書(しょ) (dokusho)
• 図(と)書(しょ) (tosho)
• 図(と)書(しょ)館(かん) (toshokan)
• 葉(は)書(がき) (hagaki)
• 秘(ひ)書(しょ) (hisho)
• 文(ぶん)書(しょ) (bunsho)
• 洋(よう)書(しょ) (yōsho)
• 横(よこ)書(がき) (yokogaki)
• 落(らく)書(がき) (rakugaki)
• 和(わ)書(しょ) (washo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
書
しょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 書／书 (syo, “writing”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) しょ [shò] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• (Tokyo) しょ​ [shóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞]

Noun

書(しょ) • (sho) 

1. document

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
書
ふみ Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative forms

• 文

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) ふ​み [fúꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• (Tokyo) ふみ​ [fùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Noun

書(ふみ) • (fumi) 

1. letter

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 書 (MC ɕɨʌ). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource書 (eumhun 글 서 (geul seo))

1. Hanja form^? of 서 (“document”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 각서 (覺書, gakseo)
• 낙서 (落書, nakseo)
• 독서 (讀書, dokseo)
• 문서 (文書, munseo)
• 백서 (白書, baekseo)
• 본서 (本書, bonseo)
• 비서 (秘書, biseo)
• 사서 (司書, saseo)
• 서기 (書記, seogi)
• 서당 (書堂, seodang)
• 서류 (書類, seoryu)
• 서면 (書面, seomyeon)
• 서방 (書房, seobang)
• 서신 (書信, seosin)
• 서예 (書藝, seoye)
• 서체 (書體, seoche)
• 서원 (書院, seowon)
• 서재 (書齋, seojae)
• 서적 (書籍, seojeok)
• 서평 (書評, seopyeong)
• 성서 (聖書, seongseo)
• 엽서 (葉書, yeopseo)
• 원서 (原書, wonseo)
• 유서 (遺書, yuseo)
• 저서 (著書, jeoseo)
• 서점 (書店, seojeom)
• 서재 (書齋, seojae)
• 도서 (圖書, doseo)
• 도서관 (圖書館, doseogwan)
• 전도서 (傳道書, Jeondoseo, “Ecclesiastes”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Okinawan

Kanji

書

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On: し (shi); す (su)^{←しゅ (shu, historical)}
• Kun: かちゅん (kachun, 書ちゅん)

Compounds

• 書 (し)物 (むち) (shimuchi)
• 上 (っわー)書 (が)ち ('wāgachi)
• 下 (しちゃ)書 (が)ち (shichagachi)

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Vietnamese

Han character

書: Hán Nôm readings: thư

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.