更

See also: 史 and 吏

更	U+66F4, 更 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F4

← 曳
[U+66F3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

曵 →
[U+66F5]

更	U+F901, 更 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F901

← 豈
[U+F900]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

車 →
[U+F902]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

更 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一中田大 (MLWK), four-corner 1050₆, composition ⿱一⿻日乂)

Derived characters

便哽埂㛐峺挭浭㹴䢚𣆳梗硬稉粳綆(绠) 𧣲鞕骾鯁(鲠)
郠甦𦑃㬲莄筻㾘

References

KangXi: page 502, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14283
Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 20, character 2
Unihan data for U+66F4
Unihan data for U+F901

Chinese

simp. and trad.		更
alternative forms		㪅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 更
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
更	kraːŋ, kraːŋs
粳	*kraːŋ
埂	kraːŋ, kraːŋʔ
浭	*kraːŋ
稉	*kraːŋ
梗	*kraːŋʔ
哽	*kraːŋʔ
綆	*kraːŋʔ
鯁	*kraːŋʔ
挭	*kraːŋʔ
骾	*kraːŋʔ
郠	*kraːŋʔ
硬	ŋɡraːŋs, ŋɡraːŋs
鞕	*ŋɡraːŋs
丙	*pqraŋʔ
炳	*praŋʔ
邴	praŋʔ, praŋs
怲	praŋʔ, praŋs
苪	*praŋʔ
蛃	*praŋʔ
昺	*praŋʔ
昞	*praŋʔ
窉	*praŋʔ
柄	praŋʔ, praŋs
鈵	*praŋs
寎	*praŋs
病	*braŋs

Unknown, originally 㪅, probably a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) : phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) + semantic 攴 according to Shuowen.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēng, jīng (geng¹, jing¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ, ㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên
Min Dong (BUC): găng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): keng / kng
(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: geng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹
  - Yale: gēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, see the note below)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jing
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹
  - Yale: jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

Note: “jīng” - literary variant for sense “to experience”.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gang¹
  - Yale: gāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
  - Tâi-lô: king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng
  - Tâi-lô: kng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³/

Note: literary reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 更 (更換)
Mandarin	Beijing	/kəŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kəŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kəŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/kəŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kəŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kəŋ²¹/
	Xining	/kə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kəŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/kən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ken²¹³/
	Kunming	/kə̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/kən³¹/
	Hefei	/kən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kəŋ¹¹/ ～換 /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五～
	Pingyao	/kəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kã⁵³/ /kəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ken³³/
	Wenzhou	/kiɛ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʌ̃³¹/ /kɛ³¹/ 打～
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɑŋ⁴²/ 打～
Hakka	Meixian	/kaŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/kɐŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiŋ⁵⁵/ /kĩ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kaiŋ³³/ /kaŋ⁵⁴/ 三～
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/keŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/keŋ²³/ /kɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠæŋ/

Rime
Character	更
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古行切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	更
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ/
English	change (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	更
Reading #	1/2
No.	866
Phonetic component	丙
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	庚
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋ/

Definitions

更

to change; to replace
to take turns; to rotate
to experience
28th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "change" (𝌡)

Compounds

Derived terms from 更

改姓更名
更代 (gēngdài)
更休
更化
更名 (gēngmíng)
更名改姓
更唱
更始 (gēngshǐ)
更姓
更定 (gēngdìng)
更年
更年期 (gēngniánqī)
更改 (gēnggǎi)
更故
更新 (gēngxīn)
更易
更替 (gēngtì)
更次

更正 (gēngzhèng)
更番 (gēngfān)
更相
更立
更端
更行
更衣 (gēngyī)
更衣室 (gēngyīshì)
更迭 (gēngdié)
朝更夕改
朝更暮改
洗削更革
厲精更始／厉精更始
堂構更新／堂构更新
改弦更張／改弦更张 (gǎixiángēngzhāng)
更僕難數／更仆难数
更動／更动 (gēngdòng)
更審／更审

更弦易轍／更弦易辙
更張／更张
更換／更换 (gēnghuàn)
更新換代／更新换代
更正啟事／更正启事
更訂／更订
更調／更调
更變／更变
更賦／更赋
洗盞更酌／洗盏更酌
滌故更新／涤故更新
紛更／纷更
與民更始／与民更始
萬象更新／万象更新 (wànxiànggēngxīn)
解弦更張／解弦更张
變更／变更 (biàngēng)
除舊更新／除旧更新

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēng, jīng (geng¹, jing¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ, ㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâng
Jin (Wiktionary): jing¹
Min Dong (BUC): gĕng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiⁿ / keⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): gên¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: geng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹
  - Yale: gēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (nonstandard or dialectal, the time sense)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jing
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹
  - Yale: jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaang¹
  - Yale: gāang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: gang´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kaŋ²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvy
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kĩ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kenn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvef
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kẽ⁴⁴/

Note: vernacular reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠæŋ/

Rime
Character	更
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古行切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	更
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ/
English	change (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	更
Reading #	1/2
No.	866
Phonetic component	丙
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	庚
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋ/

Definitions

更

(historical) watch (of a sentry)
三更 ― sāngèng ― third watch
(historical) one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided
(Hong Kong Cantonese, by extension) shift; work period
一日三更，每更八個鐘。 [Cantonese, trad.]
一日三更，每更八个钟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
jat¹ jat⁶ saam¹ gaang¹, mui⁵ gaang¹ baat³ go³ zung¹. [Jyutping]
[There are] three shifts each day, eight hours each shift.

Compounds

Derived terms from 更

三更 (sāngēng)
三更半夜 (sāngēngbànyè)
三更四鼓
九更天
二五更
五更 (wǔgēng)
五更天
交更
值更
八更
初更 (chūgēng)
午更
半夜三更 (bànyèsāngēng)
司更
坐更
夜半三更 (yèbànsāngēng)
夜更
守更
定更
巡更 (xúngēng)
巡更 (xúngēng)
打更 (dǎgēng)
持更
日更 (rìgèng)
早更 (zǎogèng)

更亭
更夜
更夫 (gēngfū)
更房
更次
更深 (gēngshēn)
更深半夜
更漏
更表
更鼓
替更
深更 (shēngēng)
深更半夜 (shēngēngbànyè)
率更
看更 (kāngēng)
看更 (kāngēng)
落更
起更
追更
鬼打更
黑更半夜 (hēigēngbànyè)
五更三點／五更三点
五更雞／五更鸡
五更頭／五更头
嚴更／严更

夜靜更深／夜静更深
夜靜更長／夜静更长
夜靜更闌／夜静更阑
換更／换更
更樓／更楼
更深人靜／更深人静
更深夜靜／更深夜静
更籌／更筹
更籤／更签
更長夢短／更长梦短
更長漏永／更长漏永
更闌／更阑
更闌人靜／更阑人静
更頭／更头
更點／更点
更鼓敲盡／更鼓敲尽
漏盡更闌／漏尽更阑
當更／当更
知更鳥／知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo)
編更／编更
調更／调更
輪更／轮更
連更徹夜／连更彻夜
頂更／顶更
鼉更／鼍更

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gèng (geng⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kien
Min Dong (BUC): gáing
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng / kǹg
(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gèng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng⁴
  - Yale: gèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gang³
  - Yale: gang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang³
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǹg
  - Tâi-lô: kǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngx
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁴¹/

Note: literary reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 更 (更加)
Mandarin	Beijing	/kəŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kəŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kəŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/kəŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/kəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/kəŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/kəŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/kə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/kəŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kə̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kən³⁵/
	Chengdu	/kən¹³/
	Guiyang	/ken²¹³/
	Kunming	/kə̃¹/
	Nanjing	/kən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/kən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/kəŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/kə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/kəŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kən⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ken⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kiɛ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/kʌ̃³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/kiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kən⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kən⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ken⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ken⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐŋ³³/
	Nanning	/kɐŋ³³/
	Hong Kong	/kɐŋ³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiŋ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kaiŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kaiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/keŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/keŋ³⁵/ /kɔŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kˠæŋ^H/

Rime
Character	更
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古孟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	更
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gèng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ-s/
English	still more
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	更
Reading #	2/2
No.	879
Phonetic component	丙
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	更
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋs/

Definitions

更

more; further; even more
我的裙子更漂亮！ ― Wǒ de qúnzi gèng piàoliang! ― My skirt is even more beautiful!
加拿大的房子比美國的更貴。 [MSC, trad.]
加拿大的房子比美国的更贵。 [MSC, simp.]
Jiānádà de fángzi bǐ Měiguó de gèng guì. [Pinyin]
Canadian homes are even more expensive than American homes.

Compounds

Derived terms from 更

更且
更做
更做到
更做道
更加 (gèngjiā)
更甚
更生 (gēngshēng)

更生人
自力更生 (zìlìgēngshēng)
那更
更上一層樓／更上一层楼 (gèngshàngyīcénglóu)
更上層樓／更上层楼
更不消說／更不消说
更則道／更则道

更勝一籌／更胜一筹
更待何時／更待何时 (gèng dài héshí)
更待干罷／更待干罢
更復／更复
更生保護／更生保护
更轉一竿／更转一竿

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #3228”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

更

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

grow late
night watch
of course
renew

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: さら (sara, 更, Jōyō); ふかす (fukasu, 更かす, Jōyō); ふける (fukeru, 更ける, Jōyō); あらためる (aratameru, 更める)

Compounds

変更(へんこう) (henkō)
更新(こうしん) (kōshin)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
更
さら Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry.

【新さら】2

[noun] something new and unused

[proper noun] a female given name

(This term, 更, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
更
こもごも Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry.

【こもごも】

[adverb] alternating; one after another

[adverb] all mixed up and indistinct

Alternative spellings
交々, 交, 相, 更

(This term, 更, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
更
ふ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry.

【更ふけ】

[noun] growing late

[noun] Short for 深田(ふけだ) (fukeda, “muddy rice field”).

Alternative spellings
更, 深

(This term, 更, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
更
こう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

更(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)^?}

one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was divided in ancient China

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 更 (MC kˠæŋ^H).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᇰ〮 (Yale: kóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	다시 ᄀᆡᆼ[1]	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᆼ (koyng) (Yale: koyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	다시 ᄀᆡᆼ	Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆡᆼ (Yale: koyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.
去聲

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɛ(ː)ŋ] ~ [ke̞(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [갱(ː)/겡(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource更 (eumhun 다시 갱 (dasi gaeng))

Hanja form^? of 갱 (“again”).

Compounds

갱신 (更新, gaengsin, “renewal; update; refresh”)
갱생 (更生, gaengsaeng, “rebirth; revival”)
갱년기 (更年期, gaengnyeon'gi, “menopause”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 更 (MC kˠæŋ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᇰ (Yale: kòyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	고틸 ᄀᆡᆼ	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᆼ (koyng) (Yale: koyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	고칠 경	Recorded as Early Modern Korean 경 (Yale: kyeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [경]

Hanja

更 (eumhun 고칠 경 (gochil gyeong))

Hanja form^? of 경 (“to change; to fix”).

Compounds

경신 (更新, gyeongsin, “breaking a record”)
변경 (變更, byeon'gyeong, “change”)
경질 (更迭, gyeongjil, “dismissal”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

更: Hán Việt readings: canh[1][2][3], cánh[1][3]
更: Nôm readings: canh[1][2][3], cánh[1][2], cành[1], gánh[2], ngạnh[3]

chữ Hán form of canh (“to watch; to guard”).

References

Nguyễn (2014).
Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Trần (2004).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2] 去聲

[tdcndg-3] Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] Trần (2004).