曲る
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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曲 |
きょく Grade: 3 |
kan’on |
A denominal verb, from noun 曲 (kyoku, “something off, bent, or not quite right”) + る (-ru, generic verb-forming suffix).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
曲る • (kyokuru) †yodan
- [from 1439] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to tease, to make fun of, to make a fool of, to ridicule, to mock
- Synonyms: からかう (karakau), ひやかす (hiyakasu), ちゃかす (chakasu)
- [from 1724] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to joke around, to kid, to talk around a subject; to speak kindly or gently
- [from 1851] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to perform an acrobatic stunt or trick
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "曲る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 曲ら | きょくら | kyokura |
Continuative (連用形) | 曲り | きょくり | kyokuri |
Terminal (終止形) | 曲る | きょくる | kyokuru |
Attributive (連体形) | 曲る | きょくる | kyokuru |
Realis (已然形) | 曲れ | きょくれ | kyokure |
Imperative (命令形) | 曲れ | きょくれ | kyokure |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 曲らず | きょくらず | kyokurazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 曲れど | きょくれど | kyokuredo |
Causal conjunction | 曲れば | きょくれば | kyokureba |
Conditional conjunction | 曲らば | きょくらば | kyokuraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 曲りき | きょくりき | kyokuriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 曲りけり | きょくりけり | kyokurikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 曲りつ | きょくりつ | kyokuritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 曲りぬ | きょくりぬ | kyokurinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 曲れり 曲りたり | きょくれり きょくりたり | kyokureri kyokuritari |
Volitional | 曲らむ | きょくらむ | kyokuramu |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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曲 |
ま(が) Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Uncommon variant spelling for 曲がる (magaru), omitting the が (ga) from the okurigana.
For pronunciation and definitions of 曲る – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 曲る, is an alternative (uncommon) spelling of the above term.) |
References
- “曲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- “曲る”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN