曩

曩

曩 U+66E9, 曩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66E9 ← 曨 [U+66E8] CJK Unified Ideographs 曪 → [U+66EA]

Translingual

Han character

曩 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 日卜口女 (AYRV), four-corner 6073₂, composition ⿱日襄)

1. in ancient times, of old, former

References

• KangXi: page 501, character 37
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14258
• Dae Jaweon: page 872, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1542, character 4
• Unihan data for U+66E9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		曩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (襄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囊	*naːŋ
蠰	*naːŋ, *sraŋ, *hnjaŋs, *njaŋʔ
曩	*naːŋʔ
灢	*naːŋʔ, *naːŋs
儾	*naːŋs
孃	*naŋ, *njaŋ
瓤	*naŋ, *njaŋ
鑲	*naŋ, *njaŋ
釀	*naŋs
瓖	*snaŋ, *snaŋ
驤	*snaŋ
襄	*snaŋ
纕	*snaŋ
忀	*snaŋ
欀	*snaŋ, *njaŋs
饟	*hnjaŋ, *hnjaŋʔ, *hnjaŋs
攘	*njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs
禳	*njaŋ
穰	*njaŋ, *njaŋʔ
躟	*njaŋ, *njaŋʔ
瀼	*njaŋ
獽	*njaŋ
儴	*njaŋ
蘘	*njaŋ
鬤	*njaŋ, *rnaːŋ
勷	*njaŋ
壤	*njaŋʔ
嚷	*njaŋʔ
讓	*njaŋs
懹	*njaŋs
攮	*rnoːŋʔ

Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan གནའ་བོ (gna' bo, “ancient; in old times”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nǎng (nang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nong⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nǎng
    • Wade–Giles: nang³
    • Yale: nǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: naang
    • Palladius: нан (nan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nong⁵
    • Yale: nóhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nong⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: nong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔːŋ¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /nɑŋ^X/

Rime
Character	曩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	奴朗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/naŋX/
Li Rong	/nɑŋX/
Wang Li	/nɑŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nong5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤaŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*naːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ nangX ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁaŋʔ/
English	in past times
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曩
Reading #	1/1
No.	13610
Phonetic component	襄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	曩
Old Chinese	/*naːŋʔ/

Definitions

曩

1. previously; in the past

Compounds

曩日 曩昔 (nǎngxī)

曩時／曩时

疇曩／畴曩

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Japanese

Kanji

曩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. before, former, previous

Readings

• Go-on: のう (nō)^{←なう (nau, historical)}
• Kan-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
• Kun: さき (saki, 曩); さきに (sakini, 曩に)

Compounds

• 曩時(のうじ) (nōji)
• 曩日(のうじつ) (nōjitsu)
• 曩昔(のうせき) (nōseki)
• 曩祖(のうそ) (nōso)
• 曩莫(のうまく) (nōmaku)

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Korean

Hanja

曩 (eum 낭 (nang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

曩: Hán Nôm readings: nán

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.